Using aerial image analyses as a tool for topsoil, soil and substrate mapping in vineyards (Burgundy, France)

Abstract

The Burgundy vineyards have been recognized for their high diversity of terroirs, controlled by complex interactions between natural processes, historical parameters and soil management practices. The relationships between these factors control the typicity of each wine. A better understanding of how terroirs have been defined is necessary for a sustainable, rational management of vineyard soils.

The objectives of the study are (i) to identify the terroir variability in the Burgundy vineyards (France) at hillslope scale and (ii) to discriminate the role of natural (soil, substrate, slope morphology) and anthropogenic factors (management practices) in controlling the terroir diversity. Our approach unites aerial image classification acquired at very high spatial resolution (VHRS) with local soil sampling. VHSR aerial image processing allows precise mapping of the spatial distribution of soil surfaces; soil sampling defines soil typology by physical and chemical characteristics. In addition, we have performed 2D electrical resistivity profiles to define the underlying geological substrate. Our results show that soil types are mainly controlled by the geological substrate and topography. The diversity of management practices may contribute to a soil diversification for a defined geological substrate.