Grapevine genetic identity and diversity on La Palma: contributions to the Canary Islands centre of viticultural biodiversity

Abstract

The Canary Islands are recognised as an important centre of grapevine biodiversity because of their geographic isolation, long viticultural history, and absence of phylloxera. La Palma preserves numerous traditional vineyards and locally named grapevines whose genetic identity and relationships remain incompletely characterised. This study investigated the varietal identity, synonymies, and genetic diversity of grapevine accessions collected across the island. Samples were genotyped using microsatellite markers and their profiles were compared with international databases and an in-house reference collection. The analysis confirmed the presence of multiple recognised cultivars, identified cases of synonymy and misnaming, and revealed previously unreported or rare genetic profiles. Population analyses showed substantial diversity and a complex structure reflecting historical exchanges, local selection and long-term vegetative propagation. Several accessions displayed close genetic relationships with cultivars from other Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula, while others contributed distinctive local diversity. The results strengthen the recognition of La Palma as a key component of the Canary Islands centre of viticultural biodiversity. Systematic molecular identification, conservation in germplasm collections and complementary agronomic and oenological evaluation are essential to protect this heritage and support the future use of locally adapted genetic resources.

References

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