The total soil respiration (TSR) is the main component of the global flux of CO2. The knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of TSR is a key in order to understand the ongoing changes in the global climate. The objective of the research was to assess the dynamics of TSR for a long time in a vineyard of southern Italy.
Soil, through its biological component, plays a key role in agroecosystem functioning. In a context of cropping system evolution, new tools have to be determined in order to assess the impact of these systems on soil organisms. AgrInnov is a French participative project which associates researchers and farmers.
In modern viticulture, grafting commercial grapevine varieties on rootstocks is a common practice that is required to confer resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The use of rootstocks to gain these essential resistance traits is also known to influence grape berry development and quality, despite the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
A number of studies in viticulture dealt with cover crops cultivated on the entire surface of every second alleyway, limiting spring soil trafficability to the non-cultivated ones. In order to guarantee soil trafficability of every alleyway in horizontally terraced vineyards, this study investigates a new approach to cultivate green manure cover crops in the central 60 cm-stripe of every alleyway.
Beside the resistance against phylloxera the adaptation of rootstocks to different site properties e.g. soil pH, water availability, nutrition supply, lime content or salinity and management system of the vineyard are of major importance establishing a vineyard and balancing growth. Pinot Blanc (Vitis vinifera L.; clone Gm 2) were planted in 2003 at Geisenheim (Germany) and grafted on twenty different rootstocks.
Mountain viticulture presents clear challenges for optimal soil preparation and tillage, a work possible only at the time of slope terrace construction. These conditions affect replanting when initial clone or varietal selection proves unsuited to the site. Viticultural revival in the area has led to new plantings with selected plant material, but sometimes the response of the limited number of vinifera clones used was below expectations.
Wine grapes are constrained to a narrow climatic range and consequently are especially sensitive to climate change, with potential effects on yield, quality and profitability. Researches to increase knowledge about reproductive development and new agriculture practices, and opening of new wine making areas are important to overcome the present and future climates limitations.
Water is the main factor limiting grape production under Mediterranean conditions. The vine water status also strongly impacts grape quality. In the present work, the rootstocks are considered as a way to cope with water deficit. Water use efficiency and conferred vigor related traits induced by some rootstocks in field conditions were compared to those measured in pots submitted to controlled water deficit.
The performance of the cultivars Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot gris and Pinot noir grafted onto nine rootstocks or on their own roots was evaluated over a three year period. A split block factorial design was used to compare the effect of the rootstocks Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM), 101-14 MGt, 3309C, 110R, 5BB, 420A MGt, Gravesac, SO4, 44-53M, or ungrafted vines on the scion
The use of rootstocks rather than own rooted vines, and the choice of the appropriate rootstocks for a specific cultivar depend on the interaction of the vineyard site, cultivar and the rootstock. In Midwest U.S.A., and in Missouri in particular, growers have mostly planted well adapted French American Vitis vinifera hybrids like Chambourcin (Vitis vinifera x V. rupestris) which is one of the most diffused wine grape cultivar in the area.
The grapevine rootstock should primarily allow the better adaptation of the vine to the soil, through the regulation of vegetative development, and avoid damage of soil pests, highlighting phylloxera and nematodes. Given the low knowledge of the effects of different rootstocks in the agronomic, physiologic and qualitative behaviour of Verdejo variety, a trial has been established in the Duero river Valley, in the location of Serrada (Valladolid), belonging to the Rueda D.O. This experimental trial was planted in 2004. The period of study has been 2007-2011.
Belowground processes play an important role in water and carbon balances. Roots play a major role in controlling these balances by colonizing the soil, providing anchorage, absorbing water and nutrients, but also contributing to carbon storage and producing exudates.
In recent years, vineyard soil respiration has been a subject of great interest, but unfortunately there is a lack of information about the true amount of CO2 flux, and the effects of cultivation practices on this important process. The purpose of this investigation was to study the partitioning of vineyard soil respiration (RS) between its main components – autotrophic (RA) and heterotrophic (RH) respiration – and assess the effect of grass cover on the CO2 budget.
A total of 704 Cabernet Sauvignon (CS8) vines were grafted on 10 different rootstocks and compared to an own-rooted control as part of new vineyard planting on the terraces above the Estrella River in the Paso Robles AVA. The planting was done on two different sites, each underlain by a different soil type, within the same vineyard block.