
Enoforum Web Conference 2021
Vine session
Zeowine: the synergy of zeolite and compost. Effects on vine physiology and grape quality
The trial aims to improve the protection and management of the soil, the well-being of the plant and the quality of production in the wine supply chain organic and biodynamic, using an innovative product “ZEOWINE” resulting from the composting of waste of the wine and zeolite supply chain. At present, ...
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Copper reduction strategy for sangiovese in organic viticulture
Organic viticulture requires copper based treatments for bunch protection even though an intensive employment is no longer admitted because of its low leaching and phytotoxicity in the soil. UE Reg. 1981/2018 set copper employment to 4 kg/ha for year or 28 during 7 years with an absolute level allowed of ...
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Study to optimize the effectiveness of copper treatments for low impact viticulture
Among all pathologies that afflict grapevine, Downy Mildew (DM) is the most important. Generally controlled using Copper (Cu), recently European Commission confirmed its usage but limiting the maximum amount to 28 Kg per hectare in 7 years (Reg. EU 2018/1981). Anyway, in the grape growing context it is difficult to ...
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X-ray tomography: a promising tool to assess the selection of good quality grafted vines
The production of grated vines is a complex process from grafting to final sorting in nurseries. To reach the market, grafted grapevines must meet three criteria by law in France: resistance to a manual graft union test (named thumb test), a minimum number of three roots and a woody shoot ...
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Characterized one of the largest collections of grapevine rootstocks (non-vinifera)
Microsatellite markers are a valuable tool to facilitate the management of germplasm collections and assess genetic diversity. This study reports the genetic characterization of a large collection of 379 rootstocks and other non-viniferaaccessions maintained at the University of Milan, Italy. Accessions were genotyped with 22 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, including ...
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Obtaining new varieties derived from Monastrell for the preparation of low alcoholic wines
The main challenge faced by viticulture is to improve the quality of the wines, adapting them to the new consumer demands that demand wines with lower alcohol content and greater freshness. In the last 30 years, a clear modification has been observed in the composition of the grape due to ...
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Unique resistance traits against downy mildew from the domestication center of grapevine
The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera), an Old World species now cultivated worldwide for high-quality wine production, is extremely susceptible to the agent of downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola. The cultivation of resistant V. vinifera varieties would be a sustainable way to reduce the damage caused by the pathogen and the impact of disease management, ...
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Mechanisms responsible for different susceptibility of grapevine varieties to flavescence dorée
Flavescence dorée (FD) is the most serious grapevine yellows disease in Europe. It is caused by phytoplasmas which are transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. Differences in susceptibility among grapevine varieties suggest the existence of specific genetic features associated with resistance to the phytoplasma and/or possibly with its ...
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Dual mode of action of grape cane extracts against Botrytis cinerea
Crude extracts of Vitis vinifera canes represent a natural source of stilbene compounds with well characterized antifungals properties. In our trials, exogenous application of a stilbene extract (SE) obtained from grape canes on grapevine leaves reduces the necrotic lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea. The SE showed to possess a direct antifungal activity by ...
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Use of microorganisms in the disinfection/protection of organic rooted-cuttings from wood pathogens
One of the major problems affecting the viticulture sector is the quantity of plant protection products (especially copper) used to control the main foliar diseases of the vine. The Life Green Grapes project enter in the production context with the aim of reducing the use of fungicides throughout the production ...
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TerraClim, an online spatial decision support system for the wine industry
Climate projections for the future suggest favourable conditions for some wine producing regions, but challenging conditions for others. For instance, temperature increases are likely to shift grapevine phenology, ripening and harvest dates, and potentially affect grape quality and yield. The commercial value of accurate and up-to-date climate emerged from feedback ...
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PulvéLab: an experimental vineyard for innovation in precision spraying
One of the ways to reduce the use of pesticides is to adapt their dosage to the needs of the plant by using variable rate technology for managing field spatial variability. The recent evolution of technologies in the field of robotics, mechatronics and new information and communication technologies is paving ...
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Grape session
Multidisciplinary assessment of selective harvesting in the Colli Piacentini wine district
Within-field variability can be managed through Precision Viticulture (PV) protocols aiming at identifying homogeneous zones and addressing site-specific operations including selective harvesting (SH). Several authors demonstrated SH profitability in extensive viticulture while few information is available within the Italian context. Based on a NDVI-derived vigor map (5 m resolution), a ...
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How artificial intelligence (AI) is helping winegrowers to deal with adversity from climate change
Artificial intelligence (AI) for winegrowers refers to robotics, smart sensor technology, and machine learning applied to solve climate change problems. Our research group has developed novel technology based on AI in the vineyard to monitor vineyard growth using computer vision analysis (VitiCanopy App) and grape maturity based on berry cell ...
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A new AI-based system for early and accurate vineyard yield forecasting
Vineyard yield forecasting is a key issue for vintage scheduling and optimization of winemaking operations. High errors in yield forecasting can be found in the wine industry, mainly due to the high spatial variability in vineyards, strong dependency on historical yield data, insufficient use of agroclimatic data and inadequate sampling ...
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Freeze-thaw treatment to enhance phenolic ripening and tannin oxidation of seeds
Phenolic ripening represents a major interest for quality wine producers. Nevertheless, climatic or genotypical limitations can often prevent optimal maturation process. During winemaking seeds can be easily separated and technologically processed to improve their quality. Relying on the key role of oxidation for phenolic ripening, a freeze-thaw treatment was proposed ...
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In-line sensing of grape juice press fractioning with UV-Vis spectroscopy
UV-Visible spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics, was successfully applied to objectively differentiate sparkling wine press juice fractions of Pinot noir. Two measurements methods were applied: reflectance using a fibre optic probe in-line and transmission using a benchtop spectrophotometer. Different wavelength ranges for UV-Visible spectroscopy were evaluated and their ability to ...
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Innovations on red winemaking process by ultrasound technology
High power ultrasound has been recently recognized one of the most promising technologies in winemaking processes, especially after the recent OIV resolution, concerning the application of ultrasounds on crushed grapes to promote the extraction of skin compounds. The present work resumes the pluriannual researches carried out at laboratory and industrial ...
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Influence of pre-fermentative steps on varietal thiol precursors
The content of 3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol and its acetate ester in wine is affected by a number of factors, including the concentration of its precursors S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-glutathione (G-3SH), S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine (Cys-3SH) and S-3-(hexanal)-glutathione (G-3SHal) in the grape must. The role of grape must extraction steps on the content of volatile thiol precursors (VTP) in ...
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Cellar session
Prefermentative CO2 saturation of grape must to obtaining white wines with low SO2 content
The objective this work has been study the possibility of partially or completely replacing sulphur in the winemaking of white wines through the use of the prefermentative saturation of musts with CO2. Three types of wines were made from the same Airén and Chardonnay must and under the same conditions: ...
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Non-invasive quantification of phenol content during red wine fermentations
Phenolic compounds are responsible for the most important red wine quality attributes. Anthocyanins and tannins play crucial roles in color and mouthfeel properties of red wines. Phenolic analysis in the winery is hindered by analytical constrains. The possibility to quantify phenolic content non-invasively from a fermenting tank will provide phenolic ...
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Mannoprotein extracts from wine lees: characterization and impact on wine properties
This study aims at exploiting an undervalued winemaking by-product, wine yeast lees, by developing efficient and food-grade methods for the extraction of yeast glycoproteins. These extracts were then supplemented to wine and their impact on wine properties assessed. White wine lees were produced by fermenting Sauvignon blanc grape juice with ...
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Adaptation of Lactobacilli towards low ph and SO2 to develop MLF in base musts for sparkling wines
In some white wines, malolactic fermentation (MLF) is very interesting, and for low pH wines this process is particularly difficult. Although MLF is generally not recommended for sparkling white wine, some winemakers prefer to promote MLF to contribute to organoleptic complexity. Oenococcus oeni is generally the bacterium of choice for MLF. However, ...
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Combined use of Lachancea thermotolerans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe in winemaking
Commercial red wines use the malolactic fermentation process to ensure stability from a microbiological point of view. In this second fermentation, malic acid is converted into L-lactic acid under controlled steps. However, this process is not free from possible collateral effects able to produce off-flavors, wine quality loss and human ...
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Effect of Candida zemplinina oak chips biofilm on wine aroma profile
Candida zemplinina (synonym Starmerella bacillaris) is frequently isolated in grape must in different vitivinicultural areas. The enological significance of C. zemplinina strains used in combination with S. cerevisiae has been demonstrated, being wines produced by the above-mixed starter, characterized by higher amounts of glycerol and esters. The ability of this species to compete in a harsh ...
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Impact of chitosan treatment on the physico-chemical features of a sangiovese red wine
Chitosan is gaining interest in red winemaking thanks to its ability to inhibit the development of Brettanomyces spp. yeast, or other undesired wine microbial threats. However, little is known about potential side-effects of its addition on the physico-chemical parameters of red wines. To fill the gap on this subject, this work focused ...
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Relation between phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, oxygen consumption rate of diverse tannins
The work was aimed at comparing some analytical methods used to characterize oenological tannins and the measure of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in order to provide oenologists with a rapid method to test the antioxidant capacity of tannin based products and a tool to choose the best suited product for ...
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Color stabilization properties of oenological tannins
The use of oenological tannins is authorized for many years by the OIV and advised for color stabilization. For this reason, winemakers look for a better understanding of tannins/anthocyanins interactions to produce deeply colored wines with great color stability during aging. Consequently, the aim of this work, was to verify/confirm ...
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Use of ultrasounds to accelerate aging on lees of red wines
Aging on lees (AOL) is a powerful technique to protect varietal aroma and color. Simultaneously, helps to soften tannins and increase and improve wine body and structure. AOL is complementary to barrel aging modulating the wood impact and protecting wine from oxidative conditions. The main drawback is that the yeast ...
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All acids are equal, but some acids are more equal than others: (bio)acidification of wines
Insufficient acidity in grapes from warm(ing) climates is commonly corrected through addition of tartaric acid during vinification, and less so with other organic acids. One alternative approach involves bio-acidification with certain strains of Lachancea thermotolerans (LT) via lactic acid production during fermentation. Our previous work delivered a superior LT starter capable of ...
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Cold plasma at atmospheric pressure for eliminating Brettanomyces from oak wood
In the oenological industry, the maintenance and sanitation of oak barrels has become a fundamental task. The wood has a porous structure that facilitates the penetration not only of the wine, but of the microorganisms it contains, such as the alterative yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Although the most widely used method of ...
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Wine session
Rapid optical method for tannins estimation in red wines
In this work, an innovative analytical method has been proposed for fast and reliable in-line analysis of tannins in wines; the method is fast, does not require sample preparation and is based on the selective reactivity of tannins in a mixture containing proteinaceous matter (i.e. gelatin), under pH 3.5, resulting ...
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Alimentary film to reduce cork taint and improve wine organoleptic quality
Wine quality may be compromised by mouldy off‒flavours related to cork taint. Although different compounds are considered to be involved in this wine defect, haloanisoles (HAs), and among them the 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), are claimed as the main responsible. Up to now there is no strategy to eliminate or lessen these ...
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Oxidation vs reduction: the fate of tannins, pigments, vscs, color,SO2 and metabolomic fingerprint
The management of oxygen during winemaking and aging is a big issue in order to achieve high quality wines. The correct amount of O2 improves aroma, astringency, bitterness and color, however an excess of oxygen promotes the appearance of yellow and brown colors and oxidative off-odors, while its absence leads ...
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Authenticating the geographical origin of wine using fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning
Wine is a luxury product and a global beverage steeped in history and mystery. Over time, various regions have become renowned for the quality of wines they produce, which adds considerable value to the regions and the brands. On the whole, the international wine market is worth many hundreds of ...
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qNMR metabolomics a tool for wine authenticity and winemaking processes discrimination
qNMR Metabolomic applied to wine offers many possibilities. The first application that is increasingly being studied is the authentication of wines through environmental factors such as geographical origin, grape variety or vintage (Gougeon et al., 2019). Another less common approach is from a qualitative point of view by studying the ...
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Impact of climate change on the aroma of red wines: a focus on dried fruit aromas
The volatile composition of grapes (free and bound forms) contributes greatly to the varietal aroma and quality of wines. Several agronomical parameters affect grapes composition and wine quality: maturity level at harvest, water status, and the intensity of sun exposure. Of course vinification of non-healthy grapes can induce off-flavors in ...
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Key odorants of french syrah wines from the northern rhone valley
Little research has been undertaken to investigate the main contributors to the aroma of Syrah wines from the cool northern part of the Rhone valley despite the historical importance of this cultivar for this wine region. The aim of the present work was to study the key odorants of Crozes-Hermitage ...
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Study of cross-modal interactions through sensory and chemical characteristics of italian red wines
This work aimed at investigating red wine olfactory–oral cross-modal interactions, and at testing their impact on the correlations between sensory and chemical variables. Seventy-four Italian red whole wines (WWs) from 10 varieties, and corresponding deodorized wines (DWs), were evaluated by sensory descriptive assessment. Total phenols, proanthocyanidins, ethanol, reducing sugars, pH, ...
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The taste of color: how grape anthocyanin fractions affect in-mouth perceptions
Anthocyanins are responsible for the red wine color and their ability to condense with tannins is considered as a contributor in astringency reduction. However, recent studies showed the possibility of anthocyanins to influence directly the in-mouth perception of wines. In this study, grape anthocyanin extracts (TA) were fractionated using Centrifugal ...
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Fingerprinting as approach to unlock black box of taste
The black box of taste is getting unlocked. The starting point is to distinguish taste from tasting. Consider taste as a product characteristic; tasting is a sensorial activity. Consequently, taste can be studied on a molecular level and therefore be assessed more objectively, whilst tasting is a human activity and ...
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Keg wine on tap: a sustainability-oriented innovation
How could the wine industry be more sustainable? To answer this, an Interreg French-Swiss project gathered researchers to help a French keg producer and a Swiss wine distributor make their innovation more ecological, social and economical. What innovation? A reusable plastic keg with a disposable airtight pouch inside. To assess ...
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