Volatile aroma compounds in grapes are found either as free and as glycoconjugated molecule. Glycosylated aroma precursors belong mainly to four compounds families: non terpenic alcohols, phenols, terpenes and norisoprenoids.
This paper performs the characterization of the winegrowers of the major wine regions of Bolivia, -Central Valley of Tarija and the Canyon of Cintis- starting by identifying key features and technical differences in both study areas, then building typologies of the main viticultural systems and at the end assessing their sustainability.
This work is part of the INTA-COVIAR project Analysis of the social capital of the vine growers of the Northern Oasis of Mendoza: impact on the territory and spatial planning. One of the goals of this study is to know the perception of the territorial transformations and their impact on viticultural activity, for which the bourdiano social capital approach was used.
Most of reasoning is based on a binary or dualistic exchange. But each relation between two is, either related to another one or a context, or submitted to a regulating feed-back. Therefore it is proposed to systematically reason on a basis of three elements (triptych), as the human brain, place of our thought, is also structured in three encased elements: the ‘proto-reptilian’, ‘paleo-mammalian’, ‘neo-mammalian’ brains (Mc Lean, 2006, in L. Tonielli, 2015). Ten examples are analyzed to show the universality and the interest of a ‘triptych’.
Concerning sustainable Viticultures, the GiESCO notices the current confusion around the notions of:
– ‘integrated’ Viticulture which does not clearly set itself apart of classical so-called ‘reasoned’ Viticulture and involves series of certifications which are distinguishable with difficulty,
– ‘agro-ecological’ Viticulture which adds important elements of sustainability to ‘integrated’ Viticulture, without clarifying really the latter,
– ‘organic’ Viticulture which leans on some unbearable principles such as the opposition between chemical or natural products, with besides a frequent recourse to copper-products,
– ‘biodynamic Viticulture’ which recommends environment-friendly methods, but for very not scientifically verified.
To improve its sustainability, viticulture should increase the provision of ecosystem services to decrease its use of inputs and the resulting environmental impact while maintaining high socio-economic performance. Soil functions in relation with their physical, chemical and biological properties can be regulated by proper soil surface management.
Bayesian networks are widely used for knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty in natural resource management. We propose here a probabilistic model able to assess the quality of a vineyard. There is a rising interest for this methodology as tool for ecological and agronomic modelling.
At the beginning of ripening, grape berries switch their water import pathway from the xylem to the phloem. However, the cause of the decline in xylem inflow remains a matter of debate. Applying xylem-mobile dye in conjunction with root or shoot pressurization demonstrated that the direction of xylem flow was reversible and responded to pressure manipulation.
In the context of climate change, clones could be a way of adaptation and need to be investigated. Repositories of clones are primarily dedicated to diversity maintenance while specific experimental plots with replicates are designed for clone characterization. However, all these field experiments are time consuming and expensive to maintain.
Grapevines of the variety Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir (clone 9-18, grafted onto 5BB) were subjected to different water regimes (irrigation treatments) over the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor the plant water status (leaf and stem water potentials and relative carbon isotope composition (13C) in must sugars).
Climate change has become a threat to wine industry due to increases in temperature and reductions of water in Mediterranean climates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our knowledge about mechanisms conferring resistance to water shortages in grapevines varieties, especially at the leaf level which includes the evaporative sites in plants and experience the highest water tension through their hydraulic systems.
The environmental sustainability of viticulture can be enhanced with the application of proper management practices (e.g. grassed inter-row), which can lead to an increase of soil carbon sequestration.
In contrast to malic acid, few studies relate to the metabolism of tartaric acid (TA) under abiotic stress in ripening berries. TA biosynthesis is well known with its metabolism believed to be limited from berry set until véraison and therefore not impacted by ripening conditions.
Climate change projections show major changes regarding temperature: a global warming with an increase average temperature and in frequency and severity of punctual heat events. Such changes in temperature will significantly affect the grapevine growing cycle and the bunch microclimate, known to be a major regulator of grape metabolism.
Grapevine production in Chile is facing increasing water deficit problems related to aridization. We studied the use of rootstocks as a strategy for enhancing the performance of cv. Syrah (Sy) and Cabernet Sauvignon (Cs) grapevines under water deficit.
Grape acreage has been expanding rapidly in the cold regions of the U.S. However, the economic sustainability of the grape industry is hampered by freezing damage. It has long been established that sugars play a role in mediating freezing tolerance (FT) in grapes.
Water limitation is one of the major threats affecting grapevine production. At the same time, grapevines are highly subjected to different viruses from which Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most widespread ones.
The effect of grapevine age on growth and berry development was studied from 2014 to 2016 on an experimental vineyard managed by the Hochschule Geisenheim University in Geisenheim, Germany. The vineyard was initially planted in 1971 with Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. Riesling grafted on 5C Teleki.