Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Climatic requirements for optimal physiological processes: a factor in viticultural zoning

Climatic requirements for optimal physiological processes: a factor in viticultural zoning

Abstract

[English version below]

Les profils climatiques appropriés pour une activité photosynthétique optimale de la vigne sont déterminés dans différentes régions d’Afrique du Sud et localités à l’intérieur d’une région particulière. La moyenne horaire de température ambiante, vitesse du vent et humidité relative sont calculées pendant les périodes de pré-et post-véraison à partir de données de trois années et de quatre stations météorologiques dans chacune de trois régions viticoles [classées “chaudes” (Stellenbosch et Roberston) et “très chaudes” (Upington) selon les indices d’Huglin et de Winkler]. La période comprise entre 9 et 16 heures pour l’activité photosynthétique maximale est utilisée. La température (25-30°C), vitesse de vent (<4 m/s) et humidité relative (60-70°C) nécessaires à une activité photosynthétique optimale sont surimposés sur les profils climatiques respectifs des différentes régions. L’intensité lumineuse ambiante est acceptée comme étant suffisante. Une variation remarquable du nombre d’heures disponibles pour une photosynthèse optimale apparaît. Basées sur les seuls besoins climatiques, les conditions pour la photosynthèse seraient les meilleures dans la région de Robertson. Dans les deux autres régions, la photosynthèse serait limitée à un plus haut niveau, en raison de basses températures. en période de pré-véraison et de vents forts en période de pré-et post-véraison dans la région de Stellenbosch et en raison de températures élevées et faibles humidités pendant les périodes de pré-et post-véraison dans la région d’Upington. Les conditions climatiques pour la croissance seraient meilleures dans la région de Robertson, suivies d’Upington et Stellenbosch. Les conditions climatiques à l’intérieur d’une région particulière peuvent également varier remarquablement sur des distances très courtes, spécialement dans la Province occidentale du Cap, tandis que des régions peuvent être de climats semblables malgré des altitudes, expositions et distances à l’océan différentes. Les localités diffèrent beaucoup selon leurs possibilités à subvenir aux besoins de la photosynthèse. Les profils climatiques des différentes régions et localités peuvent évidemment avoir de sérieuses implications sur le bon fonctionnement physiologique de la vigne et l’impact de ce stress climatique potentiel (direct ou indirect) sur les processus physiologiques semblerait être un facteur à considérer dans le zonage viticole.

 

The suitability of climatic profiles for optimal grapevine photosynthetic activity in different South Afiican regions and in localities within a particular region was determined. Three-year hourly mean ambient temperature, wind speed and relative humidity data from four weather stations in each of three viticultural regions [“hot” (Stellenbosch and Robertson Regions) and “very hot” (Upington Region) classification according to Huglin and Winkler indices] were averaged during the pre- and post-véraison growth periods. A period between 09:00 and 16:00 for maximum photosynthetic activity was used. Temperature (25-30 °C), wind speed (< 4 m/s) and relative humidity (60 – 70 %) requirements for optimal photosynthetic activity were superimposed onto the respective regional climatic profiles. Ambient light intensity was accepted as being sufficient. Marked variation in number of heurs available for optimal photosynthesis occurred. Based on climatic requirements only, conditions seemed best suited for photosynthesis in the Robertson region. In the other two regions, photosynthesis would be reduced to a higher extent, due to low pre-véraison temperature and strong pre- and post­véraison wind (Stellenbosch) and high pre- and post-véraison temperature and low humidity (Upington). Climatic conditions for growth seemed best in Robertson, followed by Upington and Stellenbosch. Conditions within a particular region may also vary markedly over very short distances, especially in the Western Cape, whereas other locations may be climatically similar in spite of differences in altitude, aspect and distance fom the sea. The locations differed markedly regarding their feasibility to support photosynthesis. Evidently, climatic profiles in different regions and locations may have serious implications for proper physiological functioning of grapevines and the impact of potential climatic stress (direct and indirect) on physiological processes would seem to be a factor for consideration in viticultural zoning.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

J.J. HUNTER and V. BONNARDOT

ARC Institute for Fruit, Vine and Wine & ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Vigne, climat, zonage, physiologie, photosynthèse
Grapevine, climate, zoning, physiology, photosynthesis

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Relation between phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, oxygen consumption rate of diverse tannins

The work was aimed at comparing some analytical methods used to characterize oenological tannins and the measure of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in order to provide oenologists with a rapid method to test the antioxidant capacity of tannin based products and a tool to choose the best suited product for each purpose.

Different yield regulation strategies in semi-minimal-pruned hedge (SMPH) and impact on bunch architecture

Yields in the novel viticulture training system Semi-Minimal-Pruned Hedge (SMPH) are generally higher compared to the traditional Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP). Excessive yields have a negative impact on the vine and wine quality, which can result in substantial losses in yield in subsequent vintages (alternate bearing) or penalties in fruit quality. Therefore yield regulation is essential. The bunch architecture in SMPH differs from VSP. Generally there is a higher amount but smaller bunches with lower single berry weights in SMPH compared to VSP.

Comparison of integrated, organic and biodynamic viticultural practices

In this video recording of the IVES science meeting 2021, Johanna Döring (Hochschule Geisenheim University Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim, Germany) speaks about the comparison of integrated, organic and biodynamic viticultural practices. This presentation is based on an original article accessible for free on OENO One.

Vitamins in grape must: let’s lift a corner of the veil

Although vitamins stand as major actors to yeasts prime metabolic pathways, their significance in oenology and winemaking remains rather obscure nowadays, having been mostly unexplored for several decades.

The potential of some native varieties of Argentina for the production of sparkling wines. Effect of lees contact time 

Grapevine varieties from South-America, commonly known as criollas, originated because of the natural crossbreeding of grapevine varieties brought by the Spaniards. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of some varieties to produce sparkling wines considering the effect of lees contact time. The following varieties were used: Moscatel Rosado, Criolla Chica, Pedro Gimenez, Blanca Oval, Canelón, and the European variety Chardonnay (control), planted in the ampelographic collection of EEA Mendoza INTA (Argentina). Pilot-scale vinifications were carried out to obtain the base wines, in 20 L glass containers. The second fermentation was performed through the traditional method.