Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Climatic requirements for optimal physiological processes: a factor in viticultural zoning

Climatic requirements for optimal physiological processes: a factor in viticultural zoning

Abstract

[English version below]

Les profils climatiques appropriés pour une activité photosynthétique optimale de la vigne sont déterminés dans différentes régions d’Afrique du Sud et localités à l’intérieur d’une région particulière. La moyenne horaire de température ambiante, vitesse du vent et humidité relative sont calculées pendant les périodes de pré-et post-véraison à partir de données de trois années et de quatre stations météorologiques dans chacune de trois régions viticoles [classées “chaudes” (Stellenbosch et Roberston) et “très chaudes” (Upington) selon les indices d’Huglin et de Winkler]. La période comprise entre 9 et 16 heures pour l’activité photosynthétique maximale est utilisée. La température (25-30°C), vitesse de vent (<4 m/s) et humidité relative (60-70°C) nécessaires à une activité photosynthétique optimale sont surimposés sur les profils climatiques respectifs des différentes régions. L’intensité lumineuse ambiante est acceptée comme étant suffisante. Une variation remarquable du nombre d’heures disponibles pour une photosynthèse optimale apparaît. Basées sur les seuls besoins climatiques, les conditions pour la photosynthèse seraient les meilleures dans la région de Robertson. Dans les deux autres régions, la photosynthèse serait limitée à un plus haut niveau, en raison de basses températures. en période de pré-véraison et de vents forts en période de pré-et post-véraison dans la région de Stellenbosch et en raison de températures élevées et faibles humidités pendant les périodes de pré-et post-véraison dans la région d’Upington. Les conditions climatiques pour la croissance seraient meilleures dans la région de Robertson, suivies d’Upington et Stellenbosch. Les conditions climatiques à l’intérieur d’une région particulière peuvent également varier remarquablement sur des distances très courtes, spécialement dans la Province occidentale du Cap, tandis que des régions peuvent être de climats semblables malgré des altitudes, expositions et distances à l’océan différentes. Les localités diffèrent beaucoup selon leurs possibilités à subvenir aux besoins de la photosynthèse. Les profils climatiques des différentes régions et localités peuvent évidemment avoir de sérieuses implications sur le bon fonctionnement physiologique de la vigne et l’impact de ce stress climatique potentiel (direct ou indirect) sur les processus physiologiques semblerait être un facteur à considérer dans le zonage viticole.

 

The suitability of climatic profiles for optimal grapevine photosynthetic activity in different South Afiican regions and in localities within a particular region was determined. Three-year hourly mean ambient temperature, wind speed and relative humidity data from four weather stations in each of three viticultural regions [“hot” (Stellenbosch and Robertson Regions) and “very hot” (Upington Region) classification according to Huglin and Winkler indices] were averaged during the pre- and post-véraison growth periods. A period between 09:00 and 16:00 for maximum photosynthetic activity was used. Temperature (25-30 °C), wind speed (< 4 m/s) and relative humidity (60 – 70 %) requirements for optimal photosynthetic activity were superimposed onto the respective regional climatic profiles. Ambient light intensity was accepted as being sufficient. Marked variation in number of heurs available for optimal photosynthesis occurred. Based on climatic requirements only, conditions seemed best suited for photosynthesis in the Robertson region. In the other two regions, photosynthesis would be reduced to a higher extent, due to low pre-véraison temperature and strong pre- and post­véraison wind (Stellenbosch) and high pre- and post-véraison temperature and low humidity (Upington). Climatic conditions for growth seemed best in Robertson, followed by Upington and Stellenbosch. Conditions within a particular region may also vary markedly over very short distances, especially in the Western Cape, whereas other locations may be climatically similar in spite of differences in altitude, aspect and distance fom the sea. The locations differed markedly regarding their feasibility to support photosynthesis. Evidently, climatic profiles in different regions and locations may have serious implications for proper physiological functioning of grapevines and the impact of potential climatic stress (direct and indirect) on physiological processes would seem to be a factor for consideration in viticultural zoning.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

J.J. HUNTER and V. BONNARDOT

ARC Institute for Fruit, Vine and Wine & ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Vigne, climat, zonage, physiologie, photosynthèse
Grapevine, climate, zoning, physiology, photosynthesis

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Producer organisations at the service of the favourable chain of values to winegrowers and winemakers: the example of France

French law and European Union law recognise the existence of interprofessional organisations that bring together all the links in the wine industry.

Analysis of some environmental factors and cultural practices that affect the production and quality of the Manto Negro, Callet and Prensal Blanc varieties

45 non irrigated vineyards distributed in the DO (Denomination) Pla i Llevant de Mallorca and the DO Binissalem Mallorca were used to investigate the characteristics of production and quality and their relationships certain environmental factors and cultural practices. The grape varieties investigated are autochthonous to the island of Mallorca, Manto Negro and Callet as red and Prensal Blanc as white. All plants were measured for four consecutive years in the main production and quality parameters. Among the environmental factors, the type of soil has been studied, more specifically its water retention capacity, the planting density, the age of the vineyard and the level of viral infection. The presence or absence of virus seems to have no effect on any component studied in the varieties studied. For the white variety Prensal Blanc age is negatively correlated with production and the number of bunches, nevertheless it does not cause any effect on the required quality parameters. However, for the red varieties Callet and Manto Negro, the age of the plantation is the variable that best correlates with the quality parameters, therefore the old vines should be the object of preservation by the viticulturists and winemakers in order to guarantee its contribution to the quality of the wines made with these varieties.

Disease‐induced alterations in the reflectance spectrum of grape leaves

Context and purpose of the study ‐ Phytopathogenic diseases impact the development and yield of grapevines, resulting in economical, social and environmental losses.

The interaction between wine polyphenolic classes and poly-L-proline is impacted by oxygen

Oxygen plays a key role in the evolution of wine chemistry, within the non-volatile matrix. Polyphenol composition and structure, as well as the process of tannin polymerisation are directly impacted by oxidation, and this can occur during both fermentation and ageing.

Specificities of red wines without sulfites: which role for acetaldehyde and diacetyl? A compositional and sensory approach.

Sulfur dioxide is the most commonly used additive in oenology to protect wine from oxidation and microorganisms. Once added to wine SO2 is able to react with carbonyl compounds to form carbonyl bisulfites what affects their reactivity.