Non-destructive zoning of winegrape technological maturity using a fluorescence optical sensor
Non-destructive mapping of the Chlorophyll (Chl) index, inversely correlated to the technological maturity, was carried out at ‘La Corsa’ winery (South Tuscany, Italy) on 5th September 2014, just before harvest, on grape bunches of Sangiovese cv. using a fluorescence optical sensor.
The use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in phenotyping berries from the grapevine Vitis vinifera L.
Phenotyping is an increasingly important issue in plant biology, in particular when studying the genetic basis of complex traits, in the context of genotype*environment interactions. The composition of grape berries is a key target for fruit and wine quality. Although an increasing number of samples need to be analysed, grape berry metabolites are not easily accessible and their measurement sometimes involves time consuming protocols.
New approach for pesticides doses adjustment with regards to vegetation structure and sprayers based on predictive modeling
Society expects that using of pesticides is reduced. One mean recognized as possible would be to reconsider the expression of dose rate on target vegetation. In France, the approved dose is expressed with regards to ground surface area and does not take into account the evolution of vegetation and vineyard structure.
An integrate wireless proximal sensing system for wine supply chain production monitoring from vine to barrel
Winemaking is a dynamic process where microbiological and chemical effects may strongly diversify the products of the same vineyard and even between wine vats. This high variability causes an increase in work in terms of control and process management. As well as for Precision Viticulture, the winemaking process therefore requires a site-specific approach to optimize cellar practices and quality management, suggesting a new concept of winemaking, identified as Precision Enology.
ITK Vintel™: predicting midday leaf water potential from pedoclimatic data
Vine water stress significantly affects wine production. Dynamics of soil water availability during the growing season is a major component of grape quality and wine typicity. In the context of climate change, efficient management of vine water stress is mandatory to produce wines in accordance to market demand.
Identifying physiological differences in highly fragmented vineyards using NIR/RGB UAV photography
Remote sensing has been widely used for some time in precision agriculture as well as in viticulture, in many parts of the world, including Europe. However, where small fragmented plots are used to cultivate grapevines, as commonly found in Switzerland and the UK, traditional remote sensing has not been used very often because of the scale problem.
Applications of remote sensing on vineyard studies: A review on two recent papers
In two recent papers Ducati et al. (2014a,b) reported results on the application of Remote Sensing techniques to vineyard studies. Reflectance data were extracted from satellite images of vineyards in two regions in France : Loire Valley and Burgundy. A Factorial Discriminant Analysis was applied on both data sets.
Stress detection in vineyards using a low-cost terrestrial mobile system
Stress detection in vineyards is typically performed using plant-based techniques such as stem water potential or leaf gas-exchange rate. However, these types of measures are not representative of the whole vineyard, because they are performed on selected points or a limited group of vines within the vineyard.
Development of a method for vine yield estimation using within field historical database
Yield estimation is an important task for any vine grower to organize logistical operations such as harvest, wine storing and also sell it on the market. Some researches as well as results from vine growers in the central zone of Chile have reported errors about 15 to 40% in yield estimation using classical field manual sampling.
Utilization of proximal sensing technology (GreenSeeker) to map variability in Ontario vineyards
Precision agriculture is a term used to describe a popular amalgam of technologies employed for the optimization of production in agronomic crops. Over the past decade, these technologies have been applied to viticulture, including use of GPS, construction of maps using GIS, yield monitors on mechanical harvesters, remote sensing, and surface-based assessment of foliar health. Much of this technology has also been examined for its use in assessment of vine water status and berry composition.
Sugar accumulation and malic acid degradation uncoupled by temperature in microvine berries
Global warming has already become a critical problem for wine quality in many viticulture regions. However the developmental and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of the grapevine fruit to temperature remain still very elusive. Field experimentation introduces biases in abiotic stress studies on perennial plants such as the grapevine, due to fluctuating uncontrolled conditions.
Merlot grapevine anthocyanins are influenced by light microclimate and applied water amounts in the hot climate
A field trial was conducted in central California on Merlot to determine the interaction of mechanical leaf removal (control, pre-bloom, post fruit set) and water amounts [sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) at (0.8) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) at (0.8–0.5–0.8) of vineyard evapotranspiration (ETc)] on productivity and berry skin anthocyanin content.
Vine water status and aroma potential: the behavior of Shiraz and Grenache N. in the Mediterranean area
The scenarios on the climate changes seem to predict an increase of the water deficit in the Mediterranean area during the grape maturation period, both in frequency and in magnitude. If the effects of water constraint on the vine vegetative development and the berry composition (sugars, acidity, minerals, phenolics) is reported in literature, very few data are available for the aromatic potential.
Influence of harvest date and water deficit on grape aroma potential and wine quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. White Grenache
Vitis vinifera L. cv. Garnacha blanca (White Grenache) is the dominant grape variety in the D.O. Terra Alta (Tarragona, Spain), where it has been irrigated during recent years. However, there are no studies about the most suitable irrigation schedule and the consequences of advancing or delaying the vintage on White Grenache grape and its wine aromatic profile.
Impact of postponed harvests and withering on the aromas development of Moscato Giallo “Fiori d’Arancio” berries
Composition of grape berries, and consequently wine characteristics, can be deeply modified by late harvest (LH) or withering techniques. Alternatively, a practice called “Double Maturation Raisoned” (DMR) has been developed, consisting in the cut of fruit-bearing vine following by the “reasoned” harvest. DMR differs from late ripening or withering (W) techniques, mainly for what concerns water loss rates and re-programming of berry metabolism especially in clusters located below the cane cutting.
An excessive leaf-fruit ratio reduces the yeast assimilable nitrogen in the must
Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the grape must is a key variable for wine quality as a source of aroma precursors. In a situation of YAN deficiency, a foliar urea application upon the vine at veraison enhances YAN concentration and facilitates must fermentation. In 2013, Agroscope investigated the impact of leaf-fruit ratio on the nitrogen (N) assimilation and partitioning in grapevine Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas following foliar-urea application with the aim of improving its efficiency on the YAN concentration.
Effect of grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) on berry composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc
Polyphenols fulfil a variety of roles in plants including antioxidant and UV-protective functions, and are also known to possess beneficial human health effects. In addition to the consumption of berries and vine making, Vitis vinifera leaves are also being used as food and for treating medical disorders. Leaf polyphenols are also key components in ensuring development and growth of the whole plant even under adverse environmental conditions.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of leaves, berry skins and seeds of Gohér white (Vitis vinifera L.)
Grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a phloem limited virus that is one of the most important viruses affecting grapevines as it is associated with significant economic losses in many vineyards around the world. In order to determine the effects of GLRaV-3 on fruit composition and wine chemical profile of must and wine from Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ grown in New Zealand, parameters such as grape ripeness and color index were measured during the summer 2014 on fruit from vines either infected with GLRaV-3 (established or recent infections) or uninfected vines.
Grape seeds: the heart of Vitis vinifera L. and their phenolic composition in different grape varieties
Vitis vinifera L., is a species of Vitis, native in many geographical areas all over the world, with thousand varieties. Grape seeds “ The heart of Vitis vinifera” has nutritional and medicinal value and its history is intimately entwined with the history of wine. They are waste product of the winery and grape juice industry.
On-vine grape drying with pruning of the fruit branch can help producing high quality peppery red wines
Rotundone is a grape derived aroma compound responsible for peppery notes discovered in 2008 in red wines. A recent study showed the link existing within the same block between grapevine water status and rotundone concentration in wines with higher levels recorded in grapes from vines experiencing low water deficit.