Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Délimitation des terroirs dans les A.O. Rueda et Toro (Castilla y León-Espagne)

Délimitation des terroirs dans les A.O. Rueda et Toro (Castilla y León-Espagne)

Abstract

La délimitation et la caractérisation des zones viticoles posent en Espagne des problèmes spécifiques non seulement dus aux caractéristiques propres au territoire mais aussi à la dimension, la distribution et l’indice d’occupation viticole dans les appellations d’origine.
Il se propose une méthodologie basée sur une analyse de l’environnement incluant l’intégration des variables se référant au climat, végétation, topographie, lithologie, morphologie du relief et du sol.
Le climat s’étudie à travers les différentes variables quantitatives (température, précipitation, évapotranspiration, gelées, indices climatiques, bioclimatiques et viticoles, bilan hydrique). Grâce à l’analyse statistique (Classification automatique, AFD, ACP, … ) les variables qui fournissent une information redondante s’éliminent, permettant la constitution d’un modèle à trois variables (Précipitation, Indice de Winkler, Risque des Gelées Printanières) duquel se configure une cartographie de zones climatiques viticoles.
A partir de l’analyse des cartes de végétation naturelle et potentielle s’établissent des critères d’exclusion dérivés de l’existence d’espèces endémiques et de masses forestières d’intérêt écologique.
La configuration d’un modèle digital du terrain permet l’utilisation des variables jusqu’à la difficulté de cartographier, malgré sa grande importance viticole, concrètement l’exposition et la pente.
Les variables relatives à la lithologie, la morphologie du relief et du sol sont évaluées à partir du concept de Série de Sols. La résultante c’est une carte dont les unités cartographiques synthétisent les relations entre Unité Lithologique, Géoforme et Série de Sols et sont évaluées du point de vue viticole par un système paramétrique adapté aux conditions écologiques de la vigne.
Le traitement de l’information engendrée dans les couches cartographiques citées par un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG) donne comme résultat la quantification des contenus et la possibilité de son traitement statistique.
Finalement, la cartographie de la distribution actuelle de la vigne dans l’appellation permet de réaliser la validation des résultats grâce à sa comparaison aux unités cartographiques précédemment définies.

A methodology to viticulture zonation is proposed. This methodology is based on the environmental study, and it includes variables related to the climate, vegetation and soil, and others relative to topography, lithology and geomorphology.
The climatic study was carried out from a large number of quantitative variables such as temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, humidity balance and climatic, bio-climatic and viticulture indexes. Using multivariate analysis such as PCA, DFA, and cluster, the redundant variables were eliminated and only the variables with a high eigenvalue were chosen. The mathematical models obtained allowed determining a map with the climatical viticultural zones.
Excluding criteria were determined from vegetation maps (natural and potential vegetation). Zones in which endemic species grow and forestall zones with important ecological value were considered.
A digital terrain model allows the use of variables difficult to represent such as the exposure and slope (angle and longitude).
The variables related to lithology, geomorphology and soil are valorised using the Soil Series. The result is a map with soil map units, which summarise the relationship among lithology units, geoforme and soil units. Then, the map units are evaluated according to a parametric system adapted to the ecological conditions for the vineyard.
In the last stage, the whole information is treated with a Geographic Information System (GIS), which allow analysing and explaining all the information content in the pool of studied variables.
The validation of the results is carried out comparing the obtained results with the specific zone maps of distribution of vineyard and productions of grape.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Vicente SOTES and Vicente GOMEZ-MIGUEL

Departamentos de Fitotecnia y Edafología de la ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos.
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. (Avda Complutense s/n. 28040-Madrid)

Contact the author

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Bioclimatic shifts and land use options for Viticulture in Portugal

Land use, plays a relevant role in the climatic system. It endows means for agriculture practices thus contributing to the food supply. Since climate and land are closely intertwined through multiple interface processes, climate change may lead to significant impacts in land use. In this study, 1-km observational gridded datasets are used to assess changes in the Köppen–Geiger and Worldwide Bioclimatic (WBCS)

Use of glutathione under different grape processing and winemaking conditions and its impact on the formation of sulfide off-flavors, colour, and sensory characteristics of Riesling, Sauvignon blanc, and Chardonnay

The use of glutathione (GSH) in winemaking has been legitimated recently, according to OIV resolutions OENO 445-2015 and OENO 446-2015 a maximum dose of 20 mg/L is now allowed to use in must and wine. Several studies have proven the benefits of GSH, predominantly in Sauvignon blanc. Thus, oxidative coloration of must and wine is limited, aroma compounds such as volatile thiols are preserved, and the development of ageing flavors such as sotolon and 2-aminoacetophenone is impeded. The protective effect may be explained by the high affinity of GSH to bind o-quinones which are formed during phenolic oxidation and which are known to initiate browning and other oxidative changes. Some researchers have proposed the hydroxycinnamic acid to GSH ratio (HGR) as an indicator of oxidation susceptibility of must and could show that lower ratios yielded lighter musts.

Grapegrowing soils

The soil plays a key role in viticulture since it defines the planting depth, development and aeration of the root system and also controls the absorption of mineral elements and water conditions of the plant

Stabulation (lees stirring) in must as a method for aroma intensification: A comparison with skin contact and a classical version of Traminer and Sauvignon blanc in Austria

In the course of this study, stabilisation (lees stirring in unclarified must) with skin contact and classic white wine vinification were compared for the Sauvignon blanc and Traminer varieties in Austria. The test wines were analysed for the volatile substances esters, free monoterpenes and fruity thiols

Using image analysis for assessing downy mildew severity in grapevine

Aim: Downy mildew is a crucial disease in viticulture. In-field evaluation of downy mildew has been classically based on visual inspection of leaves and fruit. Nevertheless, non-invasive sensing technologies could be used for disease detection in grapevine. The aim of this study was to assess downy mildew severity in grapevine leaves using machine vision.