The potential for using under-vine cover crops as an alternative to herbicides in cool climate vineyards
Six multi-year, replicated field experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of under-vine cover crops to replace herbicide use in vigorous vinifera vineyards in the Finger Lakes region of New York State.
Anthocyanin and trans-resveratrol accumulation is associated with abscisic acid and methyl jasmonic acid in berry skin of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Malbec, Bonarda, Syrah, Cabernet-Sauvignon, and Pinot noir
Red grapes contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds, known to contribute to wine quality and to provide important health benefits. Berry skin phenolics can be elicited by plant hormones. The aim of this work was to increase the content of anthocyanins and trans-resveratrol in five red varieties cultured in Argentina: Malbec (M), Bonarda (B), Syrah (S), Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), and Pinot Noir (PN), in two different growing regions: Santa Rosa (SR) and Valle de Uco (VU), by applying a post-veraison hormonal treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA).
Vineyard water status assessment by non-destructive, proximal, NIR spectroscopy
Assessing and mapping the spatial variability of vine water status within vineyards constitute a major challenge. An effective sampling system, capable of providing a large amount of accurate observations, is needed to define accurate irrigation decision-making.
Harvest ripeness level has a larger effect than leaf removal on grape and wine quality in cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon from Maipo Valley
The effect of fruit zone leaf removal and harvest maturity level was studied in a commercial Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyard in the Maule Valley (Chile) during three growing seasons from 2013/2014 to 2015/2016.
Novel and low-cost approach to estimate light radiation inside a canopy
The impact of different canopy systems and viticultural management practices on fruit exposure have been widely investigated, and the potential impact of microclimate on fruit composition is well recognised.
Combined effect of berry density and harvest date on the accumulation of phenolic compounds during ripening of “Italia” table grape cultivar
In the last years, consumers are increasingly demanding for healthy foods. Table grapes are considered an important source of bioactive compounds and therefore their availability in the market should last as long as possible while preserving the phenolic quality.
Yield impacts on the concentration of aroma precursors in grapevine berries (Vitis vinifera L.)
Volatile aroma compounds in grapes are found either as free and as glycoconjugated molecule. Glycosylated aroma precursors belong mainly to four compounds families: non terpenic alcohols, phenols, terpenes and norisoprenoids.
Characterization of the winegrowers of the major wine regions of Bolivia
This paper performs the characterization of the winegrowers of the major wine regions of Bolivia, -Central Valley of Tarija and the Canyon of Cintis- starting by identifying key features and technical differences in both study areas, then building typologies of the main viticultural systems and at the end assessing their sustainability.
Territorial transformations of the north oasis perceived by vine growers: An approach from the irrigation water
This work is part of the INTA-COVIAR project Analysis of the social capital of the vine growers of the Northern Oasis of Mendoza: impact on the territory and spatial planning. One of the goals of this study is to know the perception of the territorial transformations and their impact on viticultural activity, for which the bourdiano social capital approach was used.
The biological triptych: A method of thought
Most of reasoning is based on a binary or dualistic exchange. But each relation between two is, either related to another one or a context, or submitted to a regulating feed-back. Therefore it is proposed to systematically reason on a basis of three elements (triptych), as the human brain, place of our thought, is also structured in three encased elements: the ‘proto-reptilian’, ‘paleo-mammalian’, ‘neo-mammalian’ brains (Mc Lean, 2006, in L. Tonielli, 2015). Ten examples are analyzed to show the universality and the interest of a ‘triptych’.
Bio-metaethics viticulture proposed by the GiESCO
Concerning sustainable Viticultures, the GiESCO notices the current confusion around the notions of:
– ‘integrated’ Viticulture which does not clearly set itself apart of classical so-called ‘reasoned’ Viticulture and involves series of certifications which are distinguishable with difficulty,
– ‘agro-ecological’ Viticulture which adds important elements of sustainability to ‘integrated’ Viticulture, without clarifying really the latter,
– ‘organic’ Viticulture which leans on some unbearable principles such as the opposition between chemical or natural products, with besides a frequent recourse to copper-products,
– ‘biodynamic Viticulture’ which recommends environment-friendly methods, but for very not scientifically verified.
Towards an agroecological viticulture: advances and challenges
To improve its sustainability, viticulture should increase the provision of ecosystem services to decrease its use of inputs and the resulting environmental impact while maintaining high socio-economic performance. Soil functions in relation with their physical, chemical and biological properties can be regulated by proper soil surface management.
Modeling as a vineyard quality prediction tool
Bayesian networks are widely used for knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty in natural resource management. We propose here a probabilistic model able to assess the quality of a vineyard. There is a rising interest for this methodology as tool for ecological and agronomic modelling.
Grape ripening: why berry transpiration and xylem backflow matter
At the beginning of ripening, grape berries switch their water import pathway from the xylem to the phloem. However, the cause of the decline in xylem inflow remains a matter of debate. Applying xylem-mobile dye in conjunction with root or shoot pressurization demonstrated that the direction of xylem flow was reversible and responded to pressure manipulation.
Optimizing the use of repositories to define clone profiles: the example of Petit Verdot N
In the context of climate change, clones could be a way of adaptation and need to be investigated. Repositories of clones are primarily dedicated to diversity maintenance while specific experimental plots with replicates are designed for clone characterization. However, all these field experiments are time consuming and expensive to maintain.
Impact of water stress on plant hydraulics, gas exchange, berry composition and quality of Pinot noir wines in Switzerland
Grapevines of the variety Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir (clone 9-18, grafted onto 5BB) were subjected to different water regimes (irrigation treatments) over the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor the plant water status (leaf and stem water potentials and relative carbon isotope composition (13C) in must sugars).
Morpho-anatomical and hydraulic traits relationships between two grapevine varieties from a commercial vineyard in Chile
Climate change has become a threat to wine industry due to increases in temperature and reductions of water in Mediterranean climates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our knowledge about mechanisms conferring resistance to water shortages in grapevines varieties, especially at the leaf level which includes the evaporative sites in plants and experience the highest water tension through their hydraulic systems.
Study of the carbon budget of a vineyard in northern Italy: partitioning and interannual variability
The environmental sustainability of viticulture can be enhanced with the application of proper management practices (e.g. grassed inter-row), which can lead to an increase of soil carbon sequestration.
Can the post-véraison grape berry metabolize tartaric acid?
In contrast to malic acid, few studies relate to the metabolism of tartaric acid (TA) under abiotic stress in ripening berries. TA biosynthesis is well known with its metabolism believed to be limited from berry set until véraison and therefore not impacted by ripening conditions.
Locally applied high air temperature significantly altered bunch stem and grape berry physiology
Climate change projections show major changes regarding temperature: a global warming with an increase average temperature and in frequency and severity of punctual heat events. Such changes in temperature will significantly affect the grapevine growing cycle and the bunch microclimate, known to be a major regulator of grape metabolism.