In the last four years, despite repeated fertilization and irrigation applications from the farmer, a progressive vegetative decline and yield decrease have been observed in a large (5 ha) 10-year-old table grapes vineyard of the cv. Autumn Pearl grafted on 1103 Paulsen and located nearby the Ionian Sea in Taranto province (Apulia, Italy).
The potential use of Metarhizium brunneum to control root phylloxera was tested on potted vines in the green house in studentical projects at the Winecampus Neustadt. In 2023 Metarhizium was applied by inoculated barley and by suspension variant in single pot experiments on 5 BB rootstock vines artificially infested by root phylloxera.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by a group of fungal pathogens including Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Diplodia seriata, pose a serious threat to grapevine cultivation worldwide.
Grapevine phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), controlled by grafting, has re-emerged due to climate change, with shorter hibernation phases, earlier hatching and migrating of hibernales towards the leaves of the vines, and increased reproduction cycles within one season.
The International Phylloxera Genotype Database “PHYLLI” which is supported by the 2014 ISHS Phylloxera group describes Grape Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) genotypes, which are genotyped by seven SSR markers (Dvit6, DVSSR4, DV4, DV8, Phy_III_36, Phy_III_55, Phy_III_30). The samples are standardised by single founder lineages, that are equally biotyped.
What happens in the vines that simultaneously experience both abiotic and biotic stress factors? Here, we have set up an experiment in a greenhouse with Muscaris, a PIWI cultivar, to determine its response in terms of non-structural carbohydrates.
Resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) is the most important trait in grapevine rootstock breeding. Up to now, there are eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) described mediating resistance on roots or leaves. In order to understand the genetic basis of one of these genetic loci, the genome of the resistance donor ‘Börner’ was sequenced and the genomic region of the Rdv1 locus analyzed.
The response of grapevine to drought is a complex trait that involves several morphological adaptations and physiological pathways. In modern viticulture, this response is mediated by the rootstock genotype, which can induce tolerance rather than susceptibility to the scion.
Until the second half of the nineteenth century, viticulture in Europe was free from phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) and grapevines were cultivated on their own roots. With the introduction of phylloxera in 1863, viticulture came under severe pressure as the pest eradicated more than 2.5 million hectares of viticultural area.
Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that has had devastating effects in grape-growing regions worldwide. As a result, using phylloxera-resistant rootstocks is a key component of modern vineyard management.
Increasing pressures from both biotic and abiotic stresses threaten grapevine health and vineyard productivity worldwide. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants have been shown to offer a promising bio-based alternative to mitigate abiotic stress and pathogen attack by enhancing nutrient uptake, water relations, and plant defence mechanisms.
Rootstocks continue to serve as the first line of defence against phylloxera in viticulture; however, to mitigate the impacts of climate change, future viticulture will require novel, improved rootstock varieties. As conventional rootstock breeding is extremely time-consuming, modern genomics-assisted approaches are urgently needed.
Soil salinity is an increasingly critical challenge for grapevine production, particularly in Mediterranean climates like California. Chloride (Cl-) accumulation, in particular, severely impacts vine growth, productivity, and fruit quality.
150 years ago grafting was identified as the most efficient method to combat phylloxera, this stimulated the active breeding of grapevine rootstocks and provided numerous rootstocks that are still in use today. Since then and over the 20th century, only a few new genotypes were been released.
Grape phylloxera (GP) (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, 1855) devastated European vineyards in the 19th century by attacking Vitis vinifera roots. Today, grafting onto resistant American rootstocks remains its primary control strategy, but GP continues to threaten non-grafted vineyards, prompting the search for alternative control solutions.
Root phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) infestation poses a persistent threat to viticulture, yet its latent form (characterized by minimal above-ground symptoms) remains poorly understood, especially under drought stress exacerbated by climate change.