Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Weather classification over the Western Cape (February, 1996 – 2000) and viticultural implications in the Stellenbosch wine district

Weather classification over the Western Cape (February, 1996 – 2000) and viticultural implications in the Stellenbosch wine district

Abstract

[English version below]

Une étude préliminaire des situations météorologiques journalières a été réalisée pour l’Afrique du Sud et pour les mois de février (période de maturation des raisins dans la Province occidentale du Cap), à l’image de la classification synoptique réalisée aux latitudes tempérées en France (Jones & Davis, 2000), afin d’étudier les relations entre le climat et la viticulture à des latitudes plus basses. Les bulletins météorologiques journaliers du South African Weather Service (SAWS) et les données de surface observées par le SAWS à l’aéroport international du Cap ont été utilisés. Les situations météorologiques synoptiques ont été classées en quatre groupes principaux: la crête de haute pression atlantique sur l’ouest de l’Afrique du Sud, le passage d’une dépression atlantique sur la Province Occidentale du Cap, la prédominance de la dépression ouest, et la crête de haute pression de l’Océan Indien sur l’est du pays. Parmi ces quatre groupes, deux prédominent sur la Province Occidentale du Cap: la crête de haute pression atlantique et de la dépression ouest. Pour les cinq saisons étudiées (1996-2000), la haute pression atlantique représente 48% des cas et la dépression ouest 34%. La fréquence de la haute pression atlantique varie entre 61% (1997 et 1998) et 36% (1999). Comparant ces fréquences avec des recherches antérieures sur l’influence du millésisme et du mésoclimat sur les arômes des vins (Carey et al., 2003), il a été trouvé par example que des conditions plus chaudes en 1998 (résultant du temps ensoleillé associé à la dépression ouest centrée sur la Province du Cap) avaient abouti à la prédominance d’un arôme de fruits tropicaux dans les vins de Sauvignon blanc, et d’un arôme de fruits d’arbre dans les vins de Chardonnay. Il semble que le temps associé aux conditions synoptiques prédominantes aient des implications significatives sur le style de vin. La connaissance de ces conditions et de leur variation au cours de la période végétative aidera ainsi aux études de modélisation climatique avec application pour la viticulture.

A preliminary study of the daily weather situations was performed for February in South Africa (ripening period of the grapes in the Western Cape), similar to the synoptic classification realized for the temperate latitudes in France (Jones & Davis, 2000), in order to focus the study of the relationships between climate and viticulture at lower latitudes. Daily weather bulletins of the South African Weather Service (SAWS) and surface data observed at Cape Town International Airport by the SAWS were used. The synoptic weather situations were classified in four main patterns, namely: the ridging of the Atlantic Ocean High over the western parts of South Africa, the passing of a cold front over the Western Cape, the dominance of the west coast trough, and the ridging of the Indian Ocean High over the eastern parts of South Africa. Of these four groups, two are predominantly occurring over the Western Cape, namely the ridging of the Atlantic Ocean High and the west coast trough. The Atlantic Ocean High occurs on 48% of the days in February over the five seasons (1996-2000) used for the classifications, whilst the trough occurs on 34% of the days. The occurrence of the Atlantic Ocean High varies between 61% (1997 and 1998) and 36% (1999). Comparing these occurrences with previous research on the influence of vintage and meso-climate on wine aroma, it was found, for instance, that warmer conditions (the result of sunny skies associated with the west coast trough situated over the Western Cape) in 1999 resulted in predominant tropical fruit aromas in the Sauvignon blanc wines, and tree fruit aromas in Chardonnay wines. It appears as if the weather associated with dominant synoptic conditions holds significant implications for wine style. Knowledge of these conditions and their variation over the entire season will then help in climatic modelling studies for application to viticulture.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

C.B. du Preez (1), V.M.F. Bonnardot (1) and V.A. Carey (2)

1) ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
2) Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

Contact the author

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Mapping climate and bioclimatic indices at high-resolution in vineyard regions

Many of the world’s vineyard regions are located in regions of complex terrain, with the result there is significant local climate variation.

Quantification of the production of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 during wine oxidation

Chemical studies aiming at assessing how a wine reacts towards oxidation usually focus on the characterization of wine constituents, such as polyphenols, or oxidation products. As an alternative, the key oxidation intermediate hydrogen peroxide H2O2 has never been quantified, although it plays a pivotal role in wine oxidation. H2O2 is obtained from molecular oxygen as the result of a first cascade of oxidation reactions involving metal ions and polyphenols. The produced H2O2 then reacts in a second cascade of oxidation to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals that can attack almost any chemical substrate in wine.

Aroma characterization of aged cognac spirits: contribution of volatile terpenoid compounds

Cognac spirit aromas result from the presence of a wide variety of volatile odorous compounds associated with the modalities of distilled spirit elaboration and during aging. Indeed, these odorous compounds play an essential role in the finesse and complexity of the aged Cognac.

EFFECT OF OXIDATION ON LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PHENOLIC FRACTION, SALIVARY PROTEINS PRECIPITATION AND ASTRINGENCY SUBQUALITIES OF RED WINES

Changes in the low molecular weight phenolic fraction, obtained by liquid-liquid microextraction technique, were studied after controlled oxidation of two typologies of Sangiovese wines (Brunello di Montalcino and Chianti Classico) belonging to two vintages (2017 and 2018). The fractions were characterized by LC-MS and quantified by HPLC. The most abundant extracted compounds were the phenolic acids. The effect of oxidation, vintage, and wine typology was stated by a three-ways ANOVA. Gallic and syringic acids significantly increased after oxidation while (–)-epicatechin decreased the most.

The influence of tertiary and quaternary deposits on the viticultural potential of the terroirs to be found in Geneva, Switzerland

The 1365 ha of the Genevese vineyard are located at the south-western corner of the Swiss plateau, between 395m and 505 m altitude.