Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Weather classification over the Western Cape (February, 1996 – 2000) and viticultural implications in the Stellenbosch wine district

Weather classification over the Western Cape (February, 1996 – 2000) and viticultural implications in the Stellenbosch wine district

Abstract

[English version below]

Une étude préliminaire des situations météorologiques journalières a été réalisée pour l’Afrique du Sud et pour les mois de février (période de maturation des raisins dans la Province occidentale du Cap), à l’image de la classification synoptique réalisée aux latitudes tempérées en France (Jones & Davis, 2000), afin d’étudier les relations entre le climat et la viticulture à des latitudes plus basses. Les bulletins météorologiques journaliers du South African Weather Service (SAWS) et les données de surface observées par le SAWS à l’aéroport international du Cap ont été utilisés. Les situations météorologiques synoptiques ont été classées en quatre groupes principaux: la crête de haute pression atlantique sur l’ouest de l’Afrique du Sud, le passage d’une dépression atlantique sur la Province Occidentale du Cap, la prédominance de la dépression ouest, et la crête de haute pression de l’Océan Indien sur l’est du pays. Parmi ces quatre groupes, deux prédominent sur la Province Occidentale du Cap: la crête de haute pression atlantique et de la dépression ouest. Pour les cinq saisons étudiées (1996-2000), la haute pression atlantique représente 48% des cas et la dépression ouest 34%. La fréquence de la haute pression atlantique varie entre 61% (1997 et 1998) et 36% (1999). Comparant ces fréquences avec des recherches antérieures sur l’influence du millésisme et du mésoclimat sur les arômes des vins (Carey et al., 2003), il a été trouvé par example que des conditions plus chaudes en 1998 (résultant du temps ensoleillé associé à la dépression ouest centrée sur la Province du Cap) avaient abouti à la prédominance d’un arôme de fruits tropicaux dans les vins de Sauvignon blanc, et d’un arôme de fruits d’arbre dans les vins de Chardonnay. Il semble que le temps associé aux conditions synoptiques prédominantes aient des implications significatives sur le style de vin. La connaissance de ces conditions et de leur variation au cours de la période végétative aidera ainsi aux études de modélisation climatique avec application pour la viticulture.

A preliminary study of the daily weather situations was performed for February in South Africa (ripening period of the grapes in the Western Cape), similar to the synoptic classification realized for the temperate latitudes in France (Jones & Davis, 2000), in order to focus the study of the relationships between climate and viticulture at lower latitudes. Daily weather bulletins of the South African Weather Service (SAWS) and surface data observed at Cape Town International Airport by the SAWS were used. The synoptic weather situations were classified in four main patterns, namely: the ridging of the Atlantic Ocean High over the western parts of South Africa, the passing of a cold front over the Western Cape, the dominance of the west coast trough, and the ridging of the Indian Ocean High over the eastern parts of South Africa. Of these four groups, two are predominantly occurring over the Western Cape, namely the ridging of the Atlantic Ocean High and the west coast trough. The Atlantic Ocean High occurs on 48% of the days in February over the five seasons (1996-2000) used for the classifications, whilst the trough occurs on 34% of the days. The occurrence of the Atlantic Ocean High varies between 61% (1997 and 1998) and 36% (1999). Comparing these occurrences with previous research on the influence of vintage and meso-climate on wine aroma, it was found, for instance, that warmer conditions (the result of sunny skies associated with the west coast trough situated over the Western Cape) in 1999 resulted in predominant tropical fruit aromas in the Sauvignon blanc wines, and tree fruit aromas in Chardonnay wines. It appears as if the weather associated with dominant synoptic conditions holds significant implications for wine style. Knowledge of these conditions and their variation over the entire season will then help in climatic modelling studies for application to viticulture.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

C.B. du Preez (1), V.M.F. Bonnardot (1) and V.A. Carey (2)

1) ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
2) Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

Contact the author

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Vers des systèmes viticoles économes en pesticide. Étude du réseau DEPHY-Vigne

Dans le cadre de TerclimPro 2025, Esther Fouillet a présenté un article IVES Technical Reviews. Retrouvez la présentation ci-dessous ainsi que l’article associé : https://ives-technicalreviews.eu/article/view/8318

YEAST DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS: CHARACTERIZATION AND IMPACT ON RIBOFLAVIN RELEASE DURING THE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

Light-struck taste (LST) is a wine fault that can occur in white and sparkling wines when exposed to light. This defect is mainly associated to the formation of methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide due to light-induced reactions involving riboflavin (RF) and methionine [1]. The presence of RF in wine is mainly due to the metabolism of yeast [2] which fermenting activity can be favoured by using yeast derivative products (YDPs) as nutrients. Nonetheless, a previous study showed the addition of YDPs before the alcoholic fermentation (AF) led to higher concentrations of RF in wines [3]. Due to the widespread use of YDPs in the winemaking process, this study aimed to understand the possible relation between the content of RF in wine and the YDP adopted as nutrient for AF.

A comparative study on physiological responses to drought in wild Vitis species 

The crossings of three wild Vitis species are commonly used as rootstocks in wine production worldwide. Factors such as disease resistance and vigor are most important for their selection.
With climate change extending drought conditions and water limitations, the selection of rootstocks conferring increased tolerance to drought takes on greater importance. Therefore, identifying Vitis species with improved drought tolerance and incorporating them into breeding programs could contribute to more resilient rootstocks under water limiting conditions. Furthermore, those species serve as a valuable resource to increase genetic variability of rootstocks. We hypothesize that species native to drier habitats will exhibit superior physiological performance under drought stress.

Estimating bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies

In response to changes in their environment, grapevines regulate transpiration using various physiological mechanisms that alter conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Expressed as bulk stomatal conductance at the canopy scale, it varies diurnally in response to changes in vapor pressure deficit and net radiation, and over the season to changes in soil water deficits and hydraulic conductivity of both soil and plant. It is necessary to characterize the response of conductance to these variables to better model how vine transpiration also responds to these variables. Furthermore, to be relevant for vineyard-scale modeling, conductance is best characterized using data collected in a vineyard setting. Applying a crop canopy energy flux model developed by Shuttleworth and Wallace, bulk stomatal conductance was estimated using measurements of individual vine sap flow, temperature and humidity within the vine canopy, and estimates of net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy. These measurements were taken on several vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France, using equipment that did not interfere with ongoing vineyard operations. An inverted Penman-Monteith equation was then used to calculate bulk stomatal conductance on 15-minute intervals from July to mid-September 2020. Time-series plots show significant diurnal variation and seasonal decreases in conductance, with overall values similar to those in the literature. Global sensitivity analysis using non-parametric regression found transpiration flux and vapor pressure deficit to be the most important input variables to the calculation of bulk stomatal conductance, with absorbed net radiation and bulk boundary layer conductance being much less important. Conversely, bulk stomatal conductance was one of the most important inputs when calculating vine transpiration, further emphasizing the need for characterizing its response to environmental changes for use in vineyard water use modeling.

Decline of new vineyards in Southern Spain

In-season vineyard pest management relies on proper timing, selection, and application of products. Most of the research on pest management tends to focus on the influence of regional conditions on these aspects, with an emphasis on product timing and efficacy evaluation. One aspect that is not fully vetted in various vineyard regions is application (sprayer) technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of regional conditions on sprayer performance in commercial wine grape vineyards in eastern Washington.