Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Soil management with cover crops in irrigated vineyards: effects in vine microclimate (cv. Malbec) grown in a terroir of Agrelo (Luján de Cuyo)

Soil management with cover crops in irrigated vineyards: effects in vine microclimate (cv. Malbec) grown in a terroir of Agrelo (Luján de Cuyo)

Abstract

[English version below]

L’objectif de cette recherche a été de déterminer les effets de l’enherbement dans le microclimat de la vigne. On a comparé cinq couvertures de cycle végétatif différent en ce qui concerne l’entretien du sol sans culture par application d’herbicides. L’étude a été developpée dans un vignoble cv. Malbec conduit en haute espalier, situé en a terroir á Agrelo, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentine. On a déterminé des paramètres micro climatiques: température, humidité relative et éclairement au niveau des grappes; température du sol (prof.: 15 cm), quantité et qualité du rayonnement réfléchie par l’enherbement. On constate une réduction significative de la PAR réfléchie par l’enherbement et un rapport Rouge/Rouge loin significativement inférieure à celui du sol découvert (sans culture). Ce ne fait pas une effet dans la végétation, parce que l’enherbement permanent de trèfle rouge (Trifolium pratensis) et agropyro élevé (Agropyron elongatum) déterminent une restriction de la vigueur de la vigne que se traduit en une meilleure réception directe de la radiation photosynthétiquement active (RPA) au niveau des grappes. Il n’y a pas une modification significative par rapport aux températures maximale et minimale et en l’amplitude thermique au niveau des grappes. Il faut consigner que les traitements qui présentent une grande couverture du sol montrent une tendance de réduire la température minimale (–0,5 ºC pour le trèfle rouge et agropyro élevé), que peut être important dans certains périodes critiques. L’humidité relative dans la zone des grappes n’est pas significativement affectée. Trèfle rouge, agropyro élevé, seigle-brome (Secale cereale-Bromus catharticus) et millet de Sudán (Sorghum sudanensis) présentent une considérable diminution de l’amplitude thermique du sol, déterminée principalement par une diminution de la température maximale. Les espèces qu’ont certaines difficultés de développement pendant leur cycle se comportent de manière intermédiaire ou similaire à un sol sans couverture. L’introduction d’enherbement permanent avec une bonne occupation de l’inter rang modifie les caractéristiques micro climatiques, notamment par rapport à la température du sol et à la réception du rayonnement. Il conviendra de vérifier si les effets mentionnés se manifestent avec une intensité différente selon l’importance de la surface enherbée, modifiant ainsi le mesoclimat du vignoble.

The objective of this work was to study the influence of cover crops soil management in vine microclimate. For this aim, a research was conduced to compare five different species with diverse vegetative cycle against no tillage soil management through herbicides applications. The study was developed in a vineyard of cv. Malbec trellised in vertically positioned shoots (VPS) and located in a terroir of Agrelo, Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentine. Primarily, measures of microclimatic parameters were taken: temperature, relative humidity and radiation at bunches level; soil temperature (depth: 15 cm), quantity and quality of cover reflected radiation. We verified a significant diminution of cover crop reflected PAR and a significantly poorer Red/Far red ratio than bare soil (no cultivation). Those had no effects inside the canopy, because permanent cover crops of red clover (Trifolium pratensis) and tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum) resulted in a restriction in vine vigour that translated in a greater direct PAR reception at bunches level. There were not a significant variation of: maximum and minimum temperatures and temperature amplitude, at bunches level. It was remarkable that the treatments with greater ground cover had a tendency to lightly reduce the minimum temperature (-0,5 ºC for red clover and tall wheatgrass), which could be important for critical periods. Relative humidity in the canopy was not significantly affected. Red clover, tall wheatgrass, cereal rye-chess mix (Secale cereale-Bromus catharticus) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanensis) notably decreased soil thermic amplitude. This effect was mainly due to a decrease in the maximum temperature. Cover crops species with difficulty to develop during their cycle had an intermediate behaviour or very similar to bare soil. The introduction of a permanent cover crop with a good invasion of inter row spacing modified microclimatic characteristics principally related to soil temperature and reception of radiation. It would be convenient to verify if the mentioned effects show a different intensity in a larger cover crop surface, modifying the vineyard mesoclimate.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

E.M. Uliarte, R.F. del Monte, J.A. Prieto and S.E. Sari

EEA Mendoza INTA, San Martín 3853 Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza Argentina

Contact the author

Keywords

Grapevine, Malbec, soil management, cover crops, microclimate, radiation, reflected radiation, temperature, relative humidity, vigour, yield, grape, wine

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Influence of maceration time and temperature on some bioactive compounds in Malvazija istarska white wines

The rising trend of moderate wine consumption as a part of a healthy lifestyle promotes white wines with higher phenolic content because of their bioactive properties. Duration and temperature of the maceration process have a marked impact on the content and composition of wine phenolics. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of applying maceration processes of different durations and temperature on total phenolic content and flavan-3-ol compounds concentration of Malvazija istarska (Vitis vinifera L.) wines, an autochthonous Croatian white grape variety. Vinification took place at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism (Poreč) where pre-fermentative two days cryomaceration treatment at 8 °C (CRYO), seven days maceration treatment at 16 °C (M7), and prolonged post-fermentative maceration treatments at 16 °C for 14 days (M14), 21 day (M21), and 42 days (M42) were studied and compared to non-maceration control treatment (C). Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer and the results were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (mg/L GAE).

Atypical aging and hydric stress: insights on an exceptionally dry year

Atypical aging (ATA) is a white wine fault characterized by the appearance of notes of wet rag, acacia blossoms and naphthalene, along with the vanishing of varietal aromas. 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP) – a degradation compound of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – is regarded as the main sensorial and chemical marker responsible for this defect. About the origin of ATA, a stress reaction occurring in the vineyard has been looked as the leading cause of this defect. Agronomic, climatic and pedological factors are the main triggers and among them, drought stress seems to play a crucial role.[1]

Effect of ozone application for low-input postharvest dehydration of wine grapes

The postharvest dehydration of grapes is a traditional practice to obtain wines with unique traits (e.g., sweet, dry/reinforced).

Evidence for terroir effect associated with botrytisation relatively to compounds implicated in typical aromas of noble rot sweet wines

Recent studies have demonstrated the role of certain lactones, particularly 2-nonen-4-olide, and volatile thiols (3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol) in the over ripped aromas of noble rot sweet wines (Stamatopoulos et al. 2014ab). These compounds are partly formed during the maturation and under the activity of B. cinerea on grapes. This research was carried out in the vineyard of Sauternes with aim to better understand their genesis depending on the grape over-ripening on two different soil types during 3 vintages. Thus, the study was conducted, with the Sémillon grape, during vintages 2012, 2014 & 2015, at 4 stages of over-maturation of the grapes (healthy, pourri plein, pourri roti, pourri roti + 15 days) considering two vineyard plots with different soil characteristics (calcosol & peyrosol) planted with the 315 Sémillon clone and grafted on 101-14 rootstock respectively in 1981 and 1980 and cultivated with the same vineyard management. Volatile lactones were assayed by liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis and the precursors of 3-sulfanylhexanol by an adaptation of the method by Capone et al. 2010 (SPE-
UPLC/FTMS).

Protein stabilization of white wines by stabilizing filtration: pilot studies

Protein stabilization is an important part of the winemaking process of white wines, and in this work we present the results of protein stabilization of different monovarietal wines (Xarel.lo, Chardonnay, and Muscat) by a continuous stabilizing filtration process using a column packed with zirconium oxide operating in a continuous regime in a closed loop at pilot scale.