Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Effects of soil and climate on wine style in Stellenbosch: Sauvignon blanc

Effects of soil and climate on wine style in Stellenbosch: Sauvignon blanc

Abstract

[English version below]

Une étude a été menée pendant neuf ans sur deux vignes non-irriguées de Sauvignon blanc commercialisés, plantées à différentes localités (A et B) dans le district de Stellenbosch. Deux parcelles expérimentales, situées sur deux formations géologiques différentes, ont été identifiées au sein de chaque vignoble. A chaque localité une des formations pédologiques montre des signes d’humidité en profondeur, tandis que l’autre est relativement sèche. Malgré leur proximité géographique (9 km), le méso-climat diffère entre les deux localités, principalement en raison de l’altitude, A étant situé à 413 m et B à 148 m d’altitude. La température maximale de février est 1.9ºC plus basse en A qu’en B, les températures nocturnes sont aussi les plus basses en A. Les raisins de la localité la plus fraîche (A) sont généralement récoltés deux semaines plus tard que ceux de la localité la plus chaude (B). A la localité la plus fraîche, la maturation est aussi affectée par la formation pédologique : les raisins issus du sol le plus sec ont été vendangés approximativement une semaine avant ceux ceux issus du sol plus humide. Cependant la maturation n’a pas été affectée par le sol à la localité la plus chaude. A la localité la plus fraîche, les vins issus du sol plus humide révèlent généralement un caractère végétatif frais prédominant (herbacé, poivre vert, eucalyptus, menthe) et ceux issus du sol plus sec des caractéristiques de légumes cuits (haricots verts, asperges, olive, artichaut) et de fruits. Le style de vin n’a pas été affecté par la formation pédologique à la localité la plus chaude oú les caractères de fruits tropicaux dominent. Les résultats suggèrent que le style du vin de Sauvignon blanc de Stellenbosch n’est pas seulement affecté par le climat, mais aussi par le sol.
A nine-year study was carried out in two non-irrigated, commercial Sauvignon blanc vineyards, grown at different localities (A and B) in the district of Stellenbosch. Two experimental plots, representing different soil forms, were identified within each vineyard. At both localities one of the soil forms showed signs of wetness with depth, while the other one was relatively dry. Despite their geographic proximity (9 km), meso-climate differed between the two localities, largely on account of A being situated at higher altitude (413 m) than B (148 m). Maximum temperature for February was 1.9ºC lower for A than for B, while night temperature was also lowest at A. Grapes at the cooler locality (A) were generally harvested two weeks later than those at the warmer one (B). At the cooler locality ripening was also affected by soil form, with grapevines on the drier soil being harvested approximately one week earlier than those on the wetter soil. Ripening was not affected by soil form at the warmer locality. At the cooler locality, wine from the wetter soil generally exhibited a prominent fresh vegetative character (grass, green pepper, eucalyptus, mint), in comparison to cooked vegetative (green beans, asparagus, olive, artichoke) and fruity characteristics for the one from the drier soil. Wine style was not affected by soil form at the warmer locality, with tropical fruit character being dominant. Results suggested that the style of Sauvignon blanc wines from Stellenbosch is not only affected by climate, but also by soil form.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

W.J. Conradie (1)* and M.P. Olivier (1)**

(1) ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa

* Present address: Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
** Presenting author

Contact the author

Keywords

Soil, climate, wine style, Sauvignon blanc, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Regionality in Australian Pinot Noir wines: A study using NMR and ICP-MS with commercial wines

Aim: Wine quality and character are defined in part by the terroir in which the grapes are grown. Metabolomic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are used to characterise wines and to detect wine fraud in other countries but have not been extensively trialled in Australia. This study aimed to investigate the use of ICP-MS and NMR to characterise a selection of Pinot noir wines.

Authenticating the geographical origin of wine using fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning

Wine is a luxury product and a global beverage steeped in history and mystery. Over time, various regions have become renowned for the quality of wines they produce, which adds considerable value to the regions and the brands. On the whole, the international wine market is worth many hundreds of billions of dollars, which attracts unscrupulous operators intent on defrauding wine consumers.

Research on the origin and the side effects of chitosan stabilizing properties in wine

Fungal chitosan is a polysaccharide made up of glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine and derived from chitin-glucan of Aspergillus niger or Agaricus bisporus. Fungal chitosan has been authorized as an antiseptic agent in wine since 2009 (OIV) and in organic wine in 2018. At the maximum dose of 10g/hl, it was shown to eliminate Brettanomyces bruxellensis, the main spoilage agent in red wines. Fungal chitosan is highly renewable, biocompatible (ADI equivalent to sucrose) and non-allergenic. However, winemakers often prefer to use sulfites (SO2), though sulfites are classified as priority food allergens, than chitosan. Indeed, many conflicting reports exist regarding its efficiency and its side effects towards beneficial wine microorganisms or wine taste. These contradictions could be explained by the heterogeneity of the fungal chitosan lots traded, the diversity of the wines (chemical composition, winemaking process), but also, by the recently highlighted huge genetic diversity prevailing in wine microbial species.

Proteomic and activity characterization of exocellular laccases from three Botrytis cinerea strains

Botrytis cinerea is a fungus that causes common infection in grapes and other fruits. In winemaking, its presence can be both considered desirable in the case of noble rot infection or undesirable when grey rot is developed. This fungus produces an extracellular enzyme known as laccase which is able to cause oxidation of phenolic compounds present in must and wine, causing most of the times a decrease in its quality and problems during the winemaking process [1]. Material and methods: Three B. cinerea strains (B0510, VA612 and RM344) were selected and grown in a liquid medium adapted from one previously described [2]. The enzyme was isolated by tangential ultrafiltration of the culture medium using a QuixStand system equipped with a 30 KDa filtration membrane.

Vineyards and grape varieties: what is going on in wine professional and consumer minds?

Vineyard and grape variety are two popular ways of classifying wines. Vineyard designation is a traditional practice for European wine labels but is being increasingly replaced by grape variety designation, mainly used for New World and Swiss wine labels.