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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 On the relationship between climate and “terroir” at different spatial scales: the input of new methodological tools

On the relationship between climate and “terroir” at different spatial scales: the input of new methodological tools

Abstract

Un grand nombre de travaux ont été consacrés à la mise en éyidence et à la quantification de l’effet du climat sur la qualité de la production viticole. IIs ont permis de caractériser les grands types de production à une large échelle géographique, et d’en évaluer les variations interannuelles au niveau des millésimes. Lorsqu’on souhaite apprécier cependant les particularités au niveau des terroirs locaux, cette influence du climat devient plus délicate à apprécier. Il faut alors prendre en compte les variations spatiales du climat local à une échelle intermédiaire, ainsi que les caractéristiques microclimatiques au niveau de la parcelle viticole, qui sont fortement conditionnées par la situation topographique et le paysage environnant (brise-vent, par ex) ainsi que par l’interaction complexe avec le type de sol (par le biais de ses caractéristiques thermiques et hydriques) et avec les techniques culturales. A cette échelle fine, des moyens nouveaux d’approche méthodologique sont présentés:
– la mise en œuvre de modèles de simulations de la culture, incluant si possible le fonctionnement thermique et hydrique du système sol-plante-atmosphère,
– d’autre part, l’utilisation des outils de télédétection ( en particulier dans l’infrarouge thermique), pour caractériser l’environnement thermique aux différentes échelles concernées.
Les possibilités d’application de ces méthodes sont brièvement présentées, et la conclusion aborde les questions posées par les impacts d’un réchauffement climatique à prendre en compte pour les prochaines décennies.

A large number of studies have been devoted to the quantitative assessment of climate effects upon the quality of vineyard production. They have allowed to broadly characterize the main features of the most important wine production regions, as well as to evaluate their interannual variations (“millesime”). However, when it is needed to focus on smaller scales in order to take into account local features of so-called “terroirs”, the influence of climate is more difficult to assess. In an intermediate scale, spatial variations of local climate elements have to be considered. At the smaller scales (individual fields), the characteristics of microclimate have to be considered: they combine the possible influence of local topography and surrounding landscape (shelterbelts, for instance) and the resulting effects of the complex interaction with soil type (by the way of thermal and hydric properties) and cultural practices. At this fine scale, new methodological tools may be considered:
– the use of crop simulation models, if possible including the description of the thermal and hydric characteristics of the soil-plant-atmosphere system,
– the input of remote sensing ( especially thermal infrared bands) in order to characterize the thermal environment at different scales.
The possibilities and limits of these new tools are briefly presented and the questions raised by the possible impact of a global warming to be considered for the coming decades are presented in conclusion.

 

 

 

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002 

Type: Article

Authors

B. SEGUIN

INRA-Centre d’Avignon
Site Agroparc, domaine St Paul 84914 Avignon cedex 9

Keywords

terroir, climat, qualité, modélisation, télédétection
“terroir”, climate, quality, modelling, remote sensing

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

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