Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Definition of functional indicators of the vine to characterize wine terroirs

Definition of functional indicators of the vine to characterize wine terroirs

Abstract

La caractérisation des terroirs viticoles est traditionnellement basée sur des descripteurs de la géologie et de la pédologie des différents milieux rencontrés, couplées à des données climatiques. Cette approche peut être efficacement complétée par une description fonctionnelle, basée sur des indicateurs d’état de la vigne. Les facteurs du milieu (somme de température, alimentation hydrique, richesse minérale … ) déterminent la phénologie et le niveau des productions végétales. Mais la connaissance des caractéristiques du milieu ne permet pas a priori de repérer la combinaison effectivement déterminante. Le potentiel d’un vignoble est évalué sur le produit final: la baie de raisin, et non par la seule caractérisation physique du sol (méthode nécessaire mais pas suffisante). L’utilisation de variables intermédiaires entre les facteurs du milieu et la caractérisation des raisins permet une meilleure appréciation des terroirs.
Nous proposons trois indicateurs pouvant servir à l’exploration de la qualité au sein d’une appellation: l’abondance en 13C naturel des sucres pour l’estimation de la contrainte hydrique, le dosage de l’azote dans les feuilles et les moûts pour l’estimation de la contrainte azotée, le poids de bois de taille directement relié à la surface foliaire (relations allométriques ), pour l’estimation de la vigueur de la plante. L’objectif est de disposer d’outils rapides et faciles d’accès, contribuant à une cartdgraphie fonctionnelle du vignoble. Ces outils permettent d’étudier la part prise par les différents facteurs impliqués dans la constitution de la qualité de la baie de raisin, au cours d’un cycle végétatif, pour le terroir considéré.

Characterization of terroirs is traditionally based on descriptors of the geology and pedology of various soils surrounding, coupled to climatic data. This approach can effectively be supplemented by a functional description, based on indicators of statè of the vineyard. The factors of the environment (thermal time, water availability, mineral richness … ) fix the phenology and the level of the productions. But the knowledge of the characteristics of the environment does not a priori allow to track down the effectively determining combination.
The potential of a vineyard is evaluated on the end product: the grape berry, and not by the only physics characterization of the soils (necessary but not sufficient method). The use of intermediate variables between the factors of the environment and the characterization of the grapes allows a better appreciation of the soils.

We propose three indicators being able to be used for the browsing of quality within, an appelation: the abundance in natural 13C of sugars for the estimate of the water restriction, the measurement of the amount of nitrogen in leaves and musts for estimate of the nitrogenous constraint, the pruning weights directly linked to the leaf aera (allometric relations), for estimate of the vigor of the plant. The objective is to have fast and easily accessible tools, contributing to a functional cartography of the vineyard. These tools make possible to study the share of the various factors implicated in the constitution of the grape berry quality, during a vegetative cycle, for the terroir considered.

 

 

 

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

GOUTOULY, J.-P. (1), SOYER, J.-P. (1), VAN LEEUWEN C. (2) and GAUDILLERE J.-P (1)

(1) INRA-AGRONOMIE, Ecophysiologie & Agronomie Viticole, 71, avenue Edouard Bourleaux – B.P.81 33883 Villenave d’Ornon cedex
(2) ENITA de Bordeaux, 1 cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan cedex

Keywords

Vigne, déficit hydrique, discriminations isotopique, ?C13, biomasse, alimentation azotée, sol, terroir
Vine, water deficit, isotope discrimination,? C13, biomass, nitrogen supply, soil, terroir

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

HOW TO EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF NATURAL WINES?

The movement of Natural wines has clearly increased in the last few years, to reach a high demand from consumers nowadays. Switzerland has not been left out of this movement and has created a dedicated association in 2021. This association has the ambition to develop a specific tasting sheet for natural wines. The study of the tasting notes shows that the olfactory description of wines is recent but predominant today. But wine is a product makes to be drunk and not (just) to smell it. Based on these findings, a new 100-point tasting sheet has been developed. The main characteristics are 1) an evaluation in the mouth before the description of the olfaction, 2) to give 50% of the points on the judgment for the mouth characteristics, 3) to pejorate the visual aspects only if the wine is judged as “not drinkable” and 4) to express personal emotions.

Cumulative effect (6 years) of deficit irrigation in two important cultivars of Douro region, Portugal

Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of irrigation in improving the grape yield and quality in areas with arid and semiarid climates, particularly in the context of ongoing climate changes. However, the introduction of irrigation in vineyards of the Mediterranean basin is a matter of debate, in particular in those of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), due to the limited number of available studies in this region. The present study aimed to evaluate how different irrigation deficits for 6 years would influence production and must quality in Touriga Francesa (TF) and Touriga Nacional (TN) varieties.

The impact of grazing by cattle on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz vegetative growth and metabolite profile

Context and purpose of the study. Globally, vineyard cultivation uses conventional methods to manage pests, diseases and increase yield.

Reaction Mechanisms of Copper and Iron with Hydrogen Sulfide and Thiols in Model Wine

Fermentation derived sulfidic off-odors due to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and low molecular weight thiols are commonly encountered in wine production and removed by Cu(II) fining. However, the mechanism underlying Cu(II) fining remains poorly understood, and generally results in increased Cu concentration that lead to deleterious reactions in finished wine. The present study describes a mechanistic investigation of the iron and copper mediated reaction of H2S, cysteine, 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, and 6-sulfanylhexan-1-ol with oxygen. The concentrations of H2S, thiols, oxygen, and acetaldehyde were monitored over time. It was found that Cu(II) was rapidly reduced by both H2S and thiols to Cu(I).

Roots and rhizosphere microbiota diversity is influenced by rootstock and scion genotypes: can this be linked to the development of the grafted plant?  

Soil is a reservoir of microorganisms playing important roles in biogeochemical cycles and interacting with plants whether in the rhizosphere or in the root endosphere. Through rhizodeposition, plants regulate their associated microbiome composition depending on the environment and plant factors, including genotypes. Since the phylloxera crisis, Vitis vinifera cultivars are mainly grafted onto American Vitis hybrids. Rootstocks play a pivotal role in the grapevine development, as the interface between the scion and the soil.