Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 First results obtained with a terrain model to characterize the viticultural «terroirs» in Anjou (France)

First results obtained with a terrain model to characterize the viticultural «terroirs» in Anjou (France)

Abstract

En Anjou, une méthode de caractérisation des terroirs viticoles a été développée. Elle utilise un modèle de terrain basé sur la profondeur de sol et son degré d’argilisation. Il génère trois types de milieu sol : roche, altération, altérite. Les hypothèses testées concernent l’effet des trois types de milieu sur l’àlimentation en eau, la précocité de cycle de la vigne, le potentiel de vigueur et de rendement ainsi que sur la composition des baies.
Pour cela, un réseau de parcelles expérimentales de Chenin et Cabernet franc, comportant 3 répétitions par unité de terroir, a été mis en place. Il permet d’étudier les deux principaux systèmes géologiques de l’Anjou (Briovérien et Ordovicien-Dévonien)
Les résultats de 2000 et 2001 (années pluvieuses) montrent pour le cépage Chenin que le débourrement est significativement plus précoce en milieu roche qu’en milieu altérite. Le milieu altération ne se différencie pas significativement des deux autres. En 2000, des différences significatives d’alimentation hydrique entre terroirs sont apparues à partir du mois de septembre pour le cépage Chenin, et à un degré moindre pour le Cabernet franc. Ainsi, le milieu roche entraîne un abaissement significatif du potentiel hydrique foliaire de base, malgré l’année pluvieuse. Le milieu altération ne se différencie pas du milieu roche. Sur spilite de l’Ordovicien-Dévonien, le milieu roche induit une contrainte hydrique plus forte que sur métagrauwacke du Briovérien. Les résultats d’analyses de δ13C des baies sont très significatifs et confrrment ceux du potentiel hydrique foliaire. Ces deux types de mesures montrent que la contrainte hydrique pour la vigne est significativement plus forte en milieu roche qu’en milieu altérite. Les baies du cépage Chenin, en milieux roche et altération, sont significativement plus riches en sucres qu’en milieu altérite. Les milieux roche sur schiste gréseux et métagrauwacke ont des teneurs inférieures à celles de la spilite. Avec le Cabernet franc, les baies semblent plus riches en sucres sur milieu roche que sur altérite. Le milieu roche induit des teneurs en anthocyanes et polyphénols significativement supérieures à celles de l’altérite; et cela aussi bien dans les baies que dans les vins. Ces premiers résultats, encore fragmentaires, semblent confirmer la plupart des hypothèses de travail avancées.

In Anjou vineyard, the viticultural “terroirs” are studied with a method based” on the concept of the “Basic Terroir Unit” (BTU). To identify and cartography the BTU, a terrain model based on the depth and the clay content of soil was elaborated. It generates three kinds of soil environments which are designated by the French terms of: “roche, alteration and altérite”. The hypothesis tested concern the effect of each type of environment on water supply regime, earliness and vigour of vine which are the main factors of the “terroir” effect, and also on berries composition.
A multisite network of 21 plots with Chenin and Cabernet franc varieties, was established in 2000. It samples the two main geologic systems of Anjou (Brioverian and Ordovician­ Devonian), with three replicates for each BTU.
The first results (2000 & 2001), show for the variety Chenin that bud break is earlier in the “roche” environment than in the “altérite” environment. The “alteration” is not different from were detected in September; for the Chenin variety and, at a less degree, for the Cabernet franc. So the “roche” environment involves a significant lowering of the predawn leaf water potential, despite a rainy season. There are no significant differences between the “alteration” and the “roche” environment. The “roche” environment on spilite from Ordovician-Devonian involves significantly more water constraint than on metagrauwacke from Brioverian. The results of δ13 C measurements in berries are highly significant and confirm the ones of the predawn leaf water potential. These two kinds of measures show that the water availability is greater in the “altérite” environment than in the “roche” environment. The must sugar content on “roche” and “alteration” environments was significantly higher than on “altérite”. The rock environment on sandstone schist and metagrauwacke have a lesser sugar content than on spilite. With the Cabernet franc variety, the “roche” environment involves significantly greater anthocyanins and polyphenolic amounts than the “altérite”; both in berries and in wines. These first results seem to confirm most of the hypotheses.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Fabrice BODIN and René MORLAT

Unité Vigne et Vin. Centre INRA d’Angers. 42 rue Georges Morel. BP57.
49071 Beaucpuzé Cedex. France

Contact the author

Keywords

modèle de terrain, précocité de cycle, alimentation hydrique, cépage, composition des baies
terrain model, precocity, water supply regime, grape variety, berry composition

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Adaptation of Lactobacilli towards low ph and SO2 to develop MLF in base musts for sparkling wines

In some white wines, malolactic fermentation (MLF) is very interesting, and for low pH wines this process is particularly difficult. Although MLF is generally not recommended for sparkling white wine, some winemakers prefer to promote MLF to contribute to organoleptic complexity. Oenococcus oeni is generally the bacterium of choice for MLF.

Application of fluorescence spectroscopy with multivariate analysis for authentication of Shiraz wines from different regions

Aim: To investigate the possibility of utilising simultaneous measurements of absorbance-transmittance and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (A-TEEM) combined with chemometrics, as a robust method that gives rapid results for classification of wines from different regions of South Australia according to their Geographical Indication (GI), and to gain insight into the effect of terroir on inter regional variation.

Vineyard microclimate alterations induced by black mulch through transcriptome reshaped the flavoromics of Cabernet Sauvignon

To alter the vineyard microclimate and produce quality wine under a semi-arid climate, black geotextile inter-row mulch (M) was applied for two vintages (2016-2017). The grapes were sampled at three growing stages to conduct the untargeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis. The upregulated genes related to photosynthesis and heat shock proteins confirmed that M weakened the total light exposure and grapes suffered severe heat stress, resulting in lower sugar and higher acids at harvest. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified the key genes responsible for the enhancements in phenylalanine, glutamine, ornithine, arginine, and C6 alcohol concentrations, and the downward trend in ε-viniferin, anthocyanins, flavonols, terpenes and norisoprenoids concentrations in M grapes.

Delaying irrigation initiation linearly reduces yield with little impact on maturity in Pinot noir

When to initiate irrigation is a critical annual management decision that has cascading effects on grapevine productivity and wine quality in the context of climate change. A multi-site trial was begun in 2021 to optimize irrigation initiation timing using midday stem water potential (ψstem) thresholds characterized as departures from non-stressed baseline ψstemvalues (Δψstem). Plant material, vine and row spacing, and trellising systems were concomitant among sites, while vine age, soil type, and pruning systems varied. Five target Δψstem thresholds were arranged in an RCBD and replicated eight times at each site: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 MPa (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively). When thresholds were reached, plots were irrigated weekly at 70% ETc. Yield components and berry composition were quantified at harvest. To better generalize inferences across sites, data were analyzed by ANOVA using a mixed model including site as a random factor. Across sites, irrigation was initiated at Δψstem = 0.24, 0.50, 0.65, 0.93, and 0.98 MPa for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Consistent significant negative linear trends were found for several key yield and berry composition variables. Yield decreased by 12.9, 15.9, 19.5, and 27.4% for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, compared to T1 (p < 0.0001) across sites that were driven by similarly linear reductions in berry weight (p < 0.0001). Comparatively, berry composition varied little among treatments. Juice total soluble solids decreased linearly from T1 to T5 – though only ranged 0.9 Brix (p = 0.012). Because producers are paid by the ton, and contracts simply stipulate a target maturity level, first-year results suggest that there is no economic incentive to induce moderate water deficits before irrigation initiation, regardless of vineyard site. Subsequent years will further elucidate the carryover effects of delaying irrigation initiation on productivity over the long term.

Influence of the vintage, clone and rootstock on the chemical characteristics of Syrah tropical wines from Brazil

In the Northeast of Brazil, vines can produce twice a year, because annual average temperature is 26ºC, with high solar radiation and water availability for irrigation.