Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 How to resolve the lack acidity in wines by better understanding of the adequation of grape varietal-terroir: Negrette grape in the terroir of Côtes du Frontonnais

How to resolve the lack acidity in wines by better understanding of the adequation of grape varietal-terroir: Negrette grape in the terroir of Côtes du Frontonnais

Abstract

Le manque d’acidité des vins est un sujet préoccupant dans de nombreux vignobles car l’acidité est un facteur déterminant de la qualité des vins, en liaison avec la nutrition minérale de la vigne.
Dans le but de résoudre ce problème de manière agronomique, une double expérimentation a été mise en place sur la Négrette, cépage principal des Côtes du Frontonnais, qui donne des vins peu acides. Tout d’abord en culture hors-sol nous avons montré que la teneur en potassium de la solution nutritive est corrélée positivement à celle des feuilles, des moûts, ainsi qu’au pH des vins. Par contre, un apport complémentaire de calcium à la solution nutritive diminue la teneur en potassium des limbes, des moûts, et le pH des vins. En plein champ, sur sols acides, pauvres en calcium, nous avons constaté que plus le sol contient du potassium, plus la Négrette l’absorbe, plus on en retrouve dans les moûts et les vins et moins ces derniers sont acides.
En liaison avec ces résultats nous avons déterminé les terroirs de l’ A.O.C. Côtes du Frontonnais (vignoble du Sud Ouest de la France ) et étudié l’effet d’un amendement calcaire sur l’acidité des vins issus de chacun de ces terroirs. Cette appellation se situe sur de vieilles terrasses alluviales, décalcifiées et de topographie plane. Le climat étant homogène sur toute l’appellation, quatre terroirs ont été identifiés, ils correspondent aux types de sols rencontrés dans cette zone : les graves (très riches en cailloux), les boulbènes caillouteuses (riches en cailloux et limons), les boulbènes sableuses (riches en sable) et les boulbènes blanches (riches en limons). Les résultats montrent que le chaulage entraîne une diminution des teneurs en potassium dans les feuilles, les moûts et les vins (liée à l’antagonisme K-Ca) et une augmentation de l’acidité des vins (liée à la diminution de la précipitation de l’acide tartrique par le potassium). De plus, le chaulage a un effet variable en fonction des terroirs, et les boulbènes caillouteuses donnent les vins les plus acides.
Cette étude montre que sur sols acides, le chaulage est une bonne alternative pour améliorer l’acidité des vins de Négrette. Elle met en évidence l’importance de la prise en compte de la nutrition minérale du cépage (plus particulièrement la nutrition potassique) et du terroir sur la qualité des vins.

The lack of acidity is a matter of concern in many vineyards. Acidity is a determining factor in wine quality and are influenced by the minerai nutrition of the vine.
In order to resolve this problem a double experiment was carried out on Négrette, the principal cultivar in the Côtes
du Frontonnais Appellation, that produces wines which are not very acidic. In the hydroponic culture, the level of potassium nutrition in the solution was positively correlated to leave and must potassium content, as well as to wine pH. However, a complementary calcium addition decreased the leave, berry and must potassium contents and the wine pH. In the field trail, on an acid soil with a lack of calcium, evidence was found that a higher potassium content of soils leads to a higher absorption of potassium by Négrette. This increase in potassium absorption can lead to higher potassium content of musts and wines, thereby reducing their acidity.
This study also aimed to determinate the different terroirs of the “Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée Côtes du Frontonnais” which is situated in the South-West of France and to study the effect of liming on the acidity of wines from each terroir. This appellation is situated on ancient alluvial terraces, which is decalcified with its topography levelled off. Four terroirs were differentiating corresponding to typical soils of the appellation: “graves” (gravely stone ), stony “boulbènes” (high stone content), sandy “boulbènes” (high sand content) and the white “boulbènes” (high limestone content). The results showed that liming lowers the level of potassium in leaves, musts and wines (linked to the K-Ca antagonism) and leads to an increase in the acidity in wines (related to a decrease in potassium bitartrate precipitation). It was also found that the effect of liming on wine acidity would depend on the terroir, leading to more acid wines from the stony “boublènes”.
This study shows that liming can be used to improve the acidity of Négrette wines on acids soils. It also highlights the importance of mineral nutrition (in particular potassium nutrition) and consequently the importance of terroir on wine quality.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

M. GARCIA, H. IBRAHIM and A. CADET

Centre de viticulture et d’œnologie de Midi-Pyrénées
Avenue de l’ agrobiopôle, 31 320 Auzeville-Tolosane

Contact the author

Keywords

 terroir, acidité des vins, nutrition minérale, Fronton, Négrette
terroir, wine acidity, minerai nutrition, Fronton, Négrette

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

The opportunities offered by the climate change

Based on the results of experiments since 2000 at the Institut Agro Montpellier and at INRAE – Pech Rouge, and on the international experience acquired during scientific missions, a global reflection on the opportunities offered by climate change is proposed.

Wine lees: characterization and valorization by kombucha fermentation

Winemaking generates various types of residues (vine shoots, stalks, pomace, wine lees and filtration cakes) which can have a notable environmental and economic impact. Wine by-products are rich in bioactive compounds and therefore their valorization can be beneficial on different levels.

Rootstocks: how the dark side of the vine can enlight the future?

Global challenges, including adaptation to climate change, decrease of the environmental impacts and maintenance of the economical sustainability shape the future of viticulture.

Influence of preflowering basal leaf removal on aromatic composition of cv. Tempranillo wine from semiarid climate (Extremadura Western Spain)

Abstract In this work the effects of early leaf removal performed manually at preflowering phenological stage, on the volatile composition of Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) wines were studied. From 2009-2011 vintages 34 wine volatile compounds were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) where early leaf removal only modified 25 of them. The total C6 compounds, acetates and volatiles acids (with exception of isobutyric acid) were affected by defoliation, whereas alcohols and esters showed a minor effect. Furthermore the vintage effect also was shown.

Variabilité spatiale du gel printanier dans le vignoble champenois : application au zonage climatique

In the Champagne vineyards, spring frosts are the cause of significant variations in the volume of the harvest which are very penalizing for the trade. This variability is reflected both in time (years without frost alternating with years with severe frosts) and in space. Certain sectors of the vineyard are in fact statistically more susceptible to frost than others, but each year no municipality can consider itself immune to this climatic accident. The objective of the study is precisely to analyze the spatial distribution of frost and to determine its main mechanisms, linked to the topography of the hillsides, their orientation but also to regional meteorological variables.