Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Study and valorization of vineyards “terroirs” in the Val de Loire

Study and valorization of vineyards “terroirs” in the Val de Loire

Abstract

[English version below]

Face à la concurrence mondiale, il est indispensable de s’orienter vers des vins de qualité, marqués par une typicité et une authenticité inimitables. Le terroir représente, pour une région donnée, un patrimoine unique et non reproductible, qui peut être valorisé à travers l’origine et les caractéristiques sensorielles du vin. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, l’UW du Centre INRA d’Angers développe un programme d’étude sur la Connaissance, l’Influence et la Gestion optimisée des Terroirs viticoles. Une méthode locale de cartographie des terroirs viticoles a été élaborée, basée sur le concept d’Unité Terroir de Base (UTB), identifiée par l’étage géologique, la nature de la roche mère géologique, son degré d’altération et la profondeur du sol. La cartographie est réalisée avec une tarière à main de 1.20 m, à raison d’un sondage/ha en moyenne. Les résultats sont restitués sous forme d’atlas cartographiques communaux, utilisables directement par les techniciens et les vignerons, à la vigne (cartes conseils pour le choix du cépage, du porte-greffe, des pratiques agro-viticoles) et en cave (adaptation des pratiques œnologiques au terroir de chaque parcelle). À partir de ces données, la cave coopérative des Caves de la Loire, installée à Brissac (France) a réalisé pour chaque adhérent. Toutes les opérations réalisées à la vigne y sont enregistrées ce qui conduit à assurer une traçabilité. À chaque livraison de vendange, un «code parcelle» permet d’orienter la vendange en fonction du potentiel œnologique conféré par le terroir aux raisins permettant une vinification par UTB. Cela a permis d’optimiser l’effet terroir sur le vin, et donc, d’obtenir des vins plus qualitatifs, commercialisés sous un label. Une communication forte et originale sur le produit s’est d’ores et déjà installée au profit de toute la filière viticole angevine.

In the current context of market competition, the future of many French vineyards of controlled appellation of origin lies in their capacity to produce wines presenting a genuine typicity and authenticity. The terroir represent a unique and irreproducible patrimony that can be valorized through the origins and the sensory characteristics of the wines. For the last 15 years, the UW of the Centre INRA of Angers has worked on the knowledge, the influence and the optimized management of vineyard terroirs. The study is based on a local method of soil characterization called “Basic Terroirs Units” (UTB concept), taking into account the geological stage, the bed-rock’s nature, its degree of alteration and the soil depth as principal keys of identification. The scale study is 1/12500. The concrete valorization of the work is to produce cartographic atlases for the disposal of the winegrowers. These atlases present some advisory maps in order to adapt both the cultural practices (choice of the grape vine-variety, rootstocks and soil management) and the enological practices, according to the terroir. From these results, a cooperative wine cellar “Les Caves de la Loire” realized a personal file for each member. Every operation executed in the vineyard is registered (tracability). At the time of vintage, a «parcel code » allows to orient the vintage according to the enological potential induced by the terroir to the grapes,(vinification by UTB). This study has already permit to optimize the “terroir effect”, and consequently, to improve the quality of the wines, commercialized with a label. The subject is already in place for the benefice of the whole Anjou wine business.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

E. BESNARD, E .GOULET, D. RIOUX, S. CESBRON, C. MEINEN and R. MORLAT

Cellule “Terroirs Viticoles” – Chambre Régionale d’Agriculture des Pays de la Loire, Avenue Joxé, 49000 ANGERS
Les Caves de la Loire – Route de Vauchrétien, 49320 BRISSAC QUINCE
Unité Vigne et Vin (UW) – Centre INRA d’Angers – 42 rue Georges Morel – 49070 BEAUCOUZE

Keywords

Terroirs viticoles, Cartographie, Unités Terroirs de Base, Val de Loire, Valorisation, Typicité des vins
Vineyard Terroirs, Cartography, Basic Terroirs Units, Val de Loire, Valorization, Wine typicity

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Aptitude du cépage Chenin à l’élaboration de vins liquoreux en relation avec certaines unités terroirs de base de A.O.C. Coteaux du Layon

Massif and the first sedimentary formations of the western aureole of the Paris Basin. If it is found all over the world (California, Israel, South Africa), it is in this region that it best asserts its identity. It is one of the most interesting grape varieties due to the variety and complexity of the wines it can produce. It can give very dry or very sweet, still or sparkling wines, fresh when young and sublime when ageing, expressing the characteristics of each vintage as much as those of the terroir. The Chenin is a faithful witness of its geographical, geological, pedological and climatic environment; he is the foil of the land. It has strong aptitudes for the production of sweet wines conditioned by overripe grapes often botrytised in the AOC Coteaux du Layon.Massif and the first sedimentary formations of the western aureole of the Paris Basin. If it is found all over the world (California, Israel, South Africa), it is in this region that it best asserts its identity. It is one of the most interesting grape varieties due to the variety and complexity of the wines it can produce. It can give very dry or very sweet, still or sparkling wines, fresh when young and sublime when ageing, expressing the characteristics of each vintage as much as those of the terroir. The Chenin is a faithful witness of its geographical, geological, pedological and climatic environment; he is the foil of the land. It has strong aptitudes for the production of sweet wines conditioned by overripe grapes often botrytised in the AOC Coteaux du Layon.

Evolution of the amino acids content through grape ripening: Effect of foliar application of methyl jasmonate with or without urea

The parameters that determine the grape quality, and therefore the optimal harvest time, suffer variations during berry ripening, related to climate change, with the widely known problem of the gap between technological and phenolic maturities. However, there are few studies about its incidence on grape nitrogen composition. For this reason, the use of an elicitor, methyl jasmonate (MeJ), alone or with urea, is proposed as a tool to reduce climatic decoupling, allowing to establish the harvest time in order to achieve the optimum grape quality. The aim was to study the effect of MeJ and MeJ+Urea foliar applications on the evolution of Tempranillo amino acids content throughout the grape maturation. Three treatments were foliarly applied, at veraison and 7 days later: control (water), MeJ (10 mM) and MeJ+Urea (10 mM+6 kg N/ha). Grape samples were taken at five stages of maturation: day before the first and second applications, 15 days after the second application (pre-harvest), harvest day, and 15 days after harvest (post-harvest). The amino acids analysis of the samples was carried out by HPLC. Results showed that the evolution of amino acids was similar regardless of the treatment; however, foliar applications influenced the nitrogen compounds content, i.e., there was no qualitative effect but quantitative one. Most of the amino acids reached their maximum concentration in pre-harvest, being higher in grapes from the treatments than in the control. In general, no differences in grape amino acids content were observed between MeJ and MeJ+Urea treatments. Foliar applications with MeJ and MeJ+Urea enhanced the grape amino acids content, without affecting their profile, helping to optimize their quality and allowing to establish a more complete grape ripening standard. Therefore, MeJ and MeJ+Urea foliar applications can be a simple agronomic practice, which has shown promising results in order to enhance the grape quality.

Cover crops influence on soil N availability and grapevine N status, and its relationship with biogenic

The type of soil management, tillage versus cover crops, can modify the soil microbial activity, which causes the mineralization of organic N to NO3–N and, therefore, may change the soil NO3–N availability in vineyard. The soil NO3–N availability could influence the grapevine nutritional status and the grape amino acid composition. Amino acids are precursors of biogenic amines, compounds mainly formed during the malolactic fermentation. Biogenic amines have negative effects on consumer health and on the wine organoleptic quality. The objective was to study if the effect of conventional tillage and two different cover crops (leguminous versus gramineous) on grapevine N status, could relate to the wine biogenic amines composition.

Geological history and landscape of the Coastal wine-growing region, South Africa

The geology of the Western Cape testifies to the former existence of a late Precambrian supercontinent, its fragmentation, the closure of an ocean between the South African and South American continental precursors (Kalahari and Rio de la Plata cratons), the accumulation of marine sediments and limestones, and their compression during a collision between these cratons

YEAST LEES OBTAINED AFTER STARMERELLA BACILLARIS FERMENTATION AS A SOURCE OF POTENTIAL COMPOUNDS TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY IN WINE- MAKING

The yeast residue left over after wine-making, known as wine yeast lees, is a source of various compounds that are of interest for wine and food industry. In winemaking, yeast-derived glycocompounds and proteins represent an example of circular economy approach since they have been proven to reduce the need for bentonite and animal-based fining agents. This leads to a reduced environmental impact in the stabilization and fining processes in winemaking. (de Iseppi et al., 2020, 2021).