Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Impact of urbanization on optimum wine Terroirs in the Bordeaux region sample of one township of the Entre-Deux-Mers Area

Impact of urbanization on optimum wine Terroirs in the Bordeaux region sample of one township of the Entre-Deux-Mers Area

Abstract

[English version below]

L’étude présentée porte sur une commune de l’Entre-Deux-Mers dans le bordelais. Nous caractérisons dans un premier temps les potentialités des sols vis-à-vis de la production de vins rouges de qualité (délimitation de terroirs grâce à la prise en compte des couvertures pédologiques et des caractéristiques morphométriques du terrain : pentes, expositions, convexités. Dans un second temps, nous récapitulons l’évolution historique des occupations des sols depuis 1790 : l’emplacement des vignes est ainsi localisé sur les terroirs respectifs des communes. Enfin, une étude prospective résultant d’enquêtes sur l’utilisation du foncier, situe le devenir prévisible de l’espace étudié (en particulier dans ses composantes viticoles et urbaines).
Les résultats mettent en évidence l’influence de la pression d’urbanisation sur la consommation du patrimoine rare et non renouvelable que sont les terroirs viticoles. Les enjeux patrimoniaux collectifs (protection d’un terroir) se manifestent ici en opposition avec des enjeux patrimoniaux individuels : les prix du foncier à bâtir orientent les stratégies des propriétaires fonciers sur de tels terroirs. De plus, l’urbanisation contribue à la disparition d’unités de production lorsqu’elles se trouvent enclavées dans des parcellaires devenus urbains. Les méthodes utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude peuvent constituer la base d’outils d’aménagement pour permettre la préservation d’un patrimoine d’une grande importance économique comme paysagère, que sont les terroirs viticoles. Le patrimoine sol est une composante essentielle à prendre en compte dans un objectif de développement durable : il y a une dimension économique de la filière viti-vinicole, dimension sociale (emplois directs et dérivés : tourisme, culture), dimension environnementale (imperméabilisation des surfaces urbaines, destruction de sols, métamorphose des paysages).

This study was carried out on a township of the Entre-Deux-Mers area in the Bordeaux wine region. We initially focused on soil potentialities as regards high quality red wine production. Criteria such as soil type, slope, aspect (sunlight) and curvatures were taken into account to produce a map of best potential “terroirs”. Secondly, land cover changes were studied from 1790 to the present. Past and present vineyard delimitations were compared with the above mentioned map. At the same time, interviews carried out on wine producers allowed us to foresee changes in land use. The main goal was to assess the evolution of urbanization on optimum wine “terroirs”. Results show that there are losses of those “terroirs” due to urbanization. In this case, collective and individual interests are opposed because in Entre-Deux-Mers, the price of arable land is lower than that of land zoned for building. Some wine producers prefer to sell their land for building purposes. As a result, some vineyards are surrounded by urban areas and are likely to disappear in a short period of time (access for machines is more difficult and pesticide treatments are not easily accepted).  It is important to protect wine growing soils because they constitute a valuable and a nonrenewable resource. They are the basis of the Bordeaux region’s landscapes and many economic (i.e. tourism) and social activities depend directly on their protection.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

P. CHERY (1), X. CHONE (2), A. ARMITAGE-LEE, L. COMMAGNAC (1), M-F. SlAK. (1)

(1) LARGE, ENITA de Bordeaux, BP 201, f-33175 GRADIGNAN cedex
(2) Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie de la Vigne, ENITA de Bordeaux, BP 201, f33175 GRADIGNAN cedex

Keywords

Terroir viticole, AOC, urbanisation, Entre-Deux-Mers, analyse spatiale
Terroir, urbanization, Bordeaux wine region, spatial analysis

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Stabulation (lees stirring) in must as a method for aroma intensification: A comparison with skin contact and a classical version of Traminer and Sauvignon blanc in Austria

In the course of this study, stabilisation (lees stirring in unclarified must) with skin contact and classic white wine vinification were compared for the Sauvignon blanc and Traminer varieties in Austria. The test wines were analysed for the volatile substances esters, free monoterpenes and fruity thiols

Grapevine responses to Botrytis cinerea infection: noble rot versus grey rot

The intricate relationship between the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and grape berries (Vitis vinifera spp.) can lead to the development of either the desirable noble rot (NR) or the unfavourable grey rot (GR), depending on the prevailing weather conditions.

French wine sector facing climate change (part. 1): A national strategy built on a foresight and participatory approach

A foresight study was carried out by a group of experts from INRAE, universities, INAO and FranceAgriMer from 2014 as part of the multidisciplinary “laccave” project intended to anticipate climate change in the French wine industry. The initial objective was to initiate an interdisciplinary dialogue between researchers and to feed their questions in a more systemic way. The scenario development method made it possible to build possible futures for the wine sector in the face of climate change. It began by drafting four adaptation strategies, combining different possible intensities of innovation and relocation of the vineyard.

The influence of climate on the grapevine phenology and content of sugar and total acids in the must

For the period of 10 years in the condition of Skopje vineyard area, at two regional (Vranec and Smederevka) and two international (Cabernet sauvignon and Chardonnay) grapevine cultivars, the researches are done.

The use of local knowledge relating to vineyard performance to identify viticultural terroirs in Stellenbosch and surrounds

A terroir represents grouping of homogenous environmental units, or natural terroir units, based on the typicality of the products obtained. Identification and characterisation of terroirs depends on knowledge of environmental parameters, the functioning of the grapevine and characteristics of the final product, which must be placed in a spatial context.