Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Impact of urbanization on optimum wine Terroirs in the Bordeaux region sample of one township of the Entre-Deux-Mers Area

Impact of urbanization on optimum wine Terroirs in the Bordeaux region sample of one township of the Entre-Deux-Mers Area

Abstract

[English version below]

L’étude présentée porte sur une commune de l’Entre-Deux-Mers dans le bordelais. Nous caractérisons dans un premier temps les potentialités des sols vis-à-vis de la production de vins rouges de qualité (délimitation de terroirs grâce à la prise en compte des couvertures pédologiques et des caractéristiques morphométriques du terrain : pentes, expositions, convexités. Dans un second temps, nous récapitulons l’évolution historique des occupations des sols depuis 1790 : l’emplacement des vignes est ainsi localisé sur les terroirs respectifs des communes. Enfin, une étude prospective résultant d’enquêtes sur l’utilisation du foncier, situe le devenir prévisible de l’espace étudié (en particulier dans ses composantes viticoles et urbaines).
Les résultats mettent en évidence l’influence de la pression d’urbanisation sur la consommation du patrimoine rare et non renouvelable que sont les terroirs viticoles. Les enjeux patrimoniaux collectifs (protection d’un terroir) se manifestent ici en opposition avec des enjeux patrimoniaux individuels : les prix du foncier à bâtir orientent les stratégies des propriétaires fonciers sur de tels terroirs. De plus, l’urbanisation contribue à la disparition d’unités de production lorsqu’elles se trouvent enclavées dans des parcellaires devenus urbains. Les méthodes utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude peuvent constituer la base d’outils d’aménagement pour permettre la préservation d’un patrimoine d’une grande importance économique comme paysagère, que sont les terroirs viticoles. Le patrimoine sol est une composante essentielle à prendre en compte dans un objectif de développement durable : il y a une dimension économique de la filière viti-vinicole, dimension sociale (emplois directs et dérivés : tourisme, culture), dimension environnementale (imperméabilisation des surfaces urbaines, destruction de sols, métamorphose des paysages).

This study was carried out on a township of the Entre-Deux-Mers area in the Bordeaux wine region. We initially focused on soil potentialities as regards high quality red wine production. Criteria such as soil type, slope, aspect (sunlight) and curvatures were taken into account to produce a map of best potential “terroirs”. Secondly, land cover changes were studied from 1790 to the present. Past and present vineyard delimitations were compared with the above mentioned map. At the same time, interviews carried out on wine producers allowed us to foresee changes in land use. The main goal was to assess the evolution of urbanization on optimum wine “terroirs”. Results show that there are losses of those “terroirs” due to urbanization. In this case, collective and individual interests are opposed because in Entre-Deux-Mers, the price of arable land is lower than that of land zoned for building. Some wine producers prefer to sell their land for building purposes. As a result, some vineyards are surrounded by urban areas and are likely to disappear in a short period of time (access for machines is more difficult and pesticide treatments are not easily accepted).  It is important to protect wine growing soils because they constitute a valuable and a nonrenewable resource. They are the basis of the Bordeaux region’s landscapes and many economic (i.e. tourism) and social activities depend directly on their protection.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

P. CHERY (1), X. CHONE (2), A. ARMITAGE-LEE, L. COMMAGNAC (1), M-F. SlAK. (1)

(1) LARGE, ENITA de Bordeaux, BP 201, f-33175 GRADIGNAN cedex
(2) Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie de la Vigne, ENITA de Bordeaux, BP 201, f33175 GRADIGNAN cedex

Keywords

Terroir viticole, AOC, urbanisation, Entre-Deux-Mers, analyse spatiale
Terroir, urbanization, Bordeaux wine region, spatial analysis

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Risposte enologiche del Nero d’Avola su suoli a diverso grado di salinità

Vengono riportati i risultati enologici di uno studio condotto sul Nero d’Avola in un tipico ambiente viticolo siciliano, in cui insistono suoli che presentano un diverso grado di salinità.

Southern Oregon Ava landscape and climate for wine production

The Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area (AVA) consists of the Applegate Valley, Rogue Valley, Umpqua Valley, Elkton Oregon, and Red Hills of Douglas County sub-AVAs (Figure 1) that are some of the many winegrape producing regions found within the intermountain valleys along the west coast of the United States.

Which risk assessment of water quality in pdo vineyards in Burgundy (France)?

To meet the demand of assessment tool of water managers we adapted to the vine production the INDIGO® method to developed initially for arable farming at the field scale.

Phenotypic variations of primary metabolites yield during alcoholic fermentation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the workhorse of alcoholic fermentation, is a major actor of winemaking. In this context, this yeast species uses alcoholic fermentation to convert sugars from the grape must into ethanol and CO2 with an outstanding efficiency: it reaches on average 92% of the maximum theoretical yield of conversion. Moreover, S. cerevisiae is also known for its great genetic diversity and plasticity that is directly related to its living environment, natural or technological and therefore to domestication. This leads to a great phenotypic diversity of metabolites production.

Influence of polysaccharide extracts from wine by-products on the volatile composition of sparkling white wines

In the production of sparkling wines, during the second fermentation, mannoproteins are released by yeast autolysis, which affect the quality of the wines. The effect of mannoproteins has been extensively studied, and may affect aroma and foam quality. However, there are no studies on the effect of other polysaccharides such as those from grapes. Considering the large production of waste from the wine industry, it was proposed to obtain polysaccharide-rich extracts from some of these by-products[1].