Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Revisión de estudios sobre suelos vitícolas de las tierras del Jerez

Revisión de estudios sobre suelos vitícolas de las tierras del Jerez

Abstract

Dada la importancia de los suelos y de los substratos geológicos en la zonificación vitivinícola, los autores realizan una revisión de estudios sobre las formaciones más importantes en la D.O. Jerez-Xérès-Sherry y Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
En el concepto de Pago vitícola (PEMARTÍN, 1965; Paneque et al., 1996 a, b, c; González GordOn, 1990; García de LujÁn, 1997) se destaca la singularidad del tipo o clase de suelo, subsuelo y substrato geológico que, conjuntamente con otras circunstancias ambientales, participan e intervienen en su delimitación (Suter y Palacios, 1857), caracterización y funcionamiento (Carbonel y BRAVO, 1820; EchegarAy, 1852; BARBADILLO, 1996).
El marco o región del Jerez y de la Manzanilla representa una de las regiones vitinícolas más antiguas de la Península Ibérica (Sáez fernández, 1995; Hidalgo, 1999). Los suelos citados por Columela como más importantes para el cultivo de la vid (cretosi, sabulosi y palustres) tienen distinta importancia en la calidad del viñedo y del vino, como se manifiesta por algunos autores citados, y especialmente por Boutelou (1807), Fernández Bobadilla (1949), García del Barrio (1972, 1979, 1988) y García de LujÁn (1997). Suelos calizos, silíceos y otros se citan en el Estudio Agrobiológico de la Provincia de Cádiz (CEBAC, 1963) y en el Mapa del INIA (1971), con la descripción morfológica de sus horizontes, la situación en el terreno y la caracterización analítica de los mismos, etc. Sin duda alguna, distintos Calcisols (CL), Cambisols (CB), Vertisols (VR), Leptosols (LP) y otros Grupos de suelos (ISRIC, ISSS, FAO, 1998); y lustrillos, polvillejos y barros rojos sobre albarizas (García del Barrio, 1979) y otros tipos de rocas (GAVALA laborde, 1959; IGME, 1977, 1988), muestran la diversidad de formaciones edafogeológicas en el viñedo del Jerez.

DOI:

Publication date: February 24, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2000

Type: Article

Authors

PANEQUE, G. (1), ROCA, M. (2), PANEQUE, P. (1), PARDO, C. (2), ALDECOA, J. (2)

(1) Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola. Facultad de Química. Universidad de Sevilla
(2) Laboratorio de Edafología y Climatología. Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola. Cortijo de Cuarto. Diputación de Sevilla

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2000

Citation

Related articles…

Modelling vine water stress during a critical period and potential yield reduction rate in European wine regions: a retrospective analysis

Most European vineyards are managed under rainfed conditions, where seasonal water deficit has become increasingly important. The flowering-veraison phenophase represents an important period for vine response to water stress, which is seldomly thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, we aim to quantify the flowering-veraison water stress levels using Crop Water Stress Indicator (CWSI) over 1986–2015 for important European wine regions, and to assess the respective potential Yield Lose Rate (YLR). Additionally, we also investigate whether an advanced flowering-veraison phase may help alleviating the water stress with improved yield. A process-based grapevine model STICS is employed, which has been extensively calibrated for flowering and veraison stages using observed data at 38 locations with 10 different grapevine varieties. Subsequently, the model is being implemented at the regional level, considering site-specific calibration results and gridded climate and soil datasets. The findings suggest wine regions with stronger flowering-veraison CWSI tend to have higher potential YLR. However, contrasting patterns are found between wine regions in France-Germany-Luxembourg and Italy-Portugal-Spain. The former tends to have slight-to-moderate drought conditions (CWSI<0.5) and a negligible-to-moderate YLR (<30%), whereas the latter possesses severe-to-extreme CWSI (>0.5) and substantial YLR (>40%). Wine regions prone to a high drought risk (CWSI>0.75) are also identified, which are concentrated in southern Mediterranean Europe. An advanced flowering-veraison phase may have benefited from cooler temperatures and a higher fraction of spring precipitation in wine regions of Italy-Portugal-Spain, resulting in alleviated CWSI and moderate reductions of YLR. For those of France-Germany-Luxembourg, this can have reduced flowering-veraison precipitation, but prevalent alleviations of YLR are also found, possibly because of shifted phase towards a cooler growing season with reduced evaporative demands. Overall, such a retrospective analysis might provide new insights towards better management of seasonal water deficit for conventionally vulnerable Mediterranean wine regions, but also for relatively cooler and wetter Central European regions.

Implication of secondary viral infections on grafting success rated in nurseries

Grapevine grafting is a complex process that since the establishment of phylloxera has become mandatory for grapevine. Grafting success in grapevine nurseries considerably varies among years and batches with most variety/rootstock combinations reach a high success rate (between 75% and 90%), but some combinations show lower success rates of around 40-50%. The causes of this variation are unknown, although biotic stresses like those caused by some viral infections have been demonstrated to affect the process. European certification schemes for the vegetative propagation of the vine include five major viruses (Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine Fanleaf Virus, Grapevine Fleck Virus, and Grapevine-associated Leafroll Virus 1 and 3).

Utilisation de données historiques pour caractériser le millésime en cours

Cet article propose la formalisation d’un modèle paramétrique pour représenter l’accumulation des sucres dans les baies de raisin durant la maturation. Le test de ce modèle sur des jeux de données réels a permis de valider l’approche proposée. Une seconde partie est axée sur l’adaptation de la méthode pour permettre la simulation du comportement du millésime en cours dès les premiers relevés de maturité. Ce travail possède de multiples applications dans le domaine de l’aide à la décision.

Terroir aspects of harvest timing in a cool climate wine region: physiology, berry skin phenolic composition and wine quality

Preliminary experiment of harvest timing was carried out in Eger wine district, Hungary in 2009. In situ physiological responses, berry quality parameters and wine quality of the Kékfrankos grapevine were studied at two growing sites (Eger-K6lyuktet6 – non-stressed, flat vineyard, and Eger-Nagyeged hill – water stressed, steep slope vineyard).

Toward an automatic way to identify red blotch infected vines from hyperspectral images acquired in the field

Vineyards are affected by different virus diseases, which can lower yield and affect the quality of grapes. Grapevine red blotch disease is one of them, and no curative solution exists. Once infected, a vine must be removed and replaced with a virus-free vine (aka roguing). Screening vineyards to look for symptoms can be time-consuming and needs well-trained experts. To improve this process, we conducted an experiment identifying infected vines using a hyperspectral camera in the field.