Vine responses to two irrigation systems in the region of Vinhos Verdes

Winemaking is influenced by micro-organisms, which are largely responsible for the quality of the product. In this context, Non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces species are of great importance not only because it influences the development of alcoholic fermentation (AF) but also on the achievement of malolactic fermentation (MLF). Among these yeasts, Torulaspora delbrueckii allows in sequential inoculation with strains of S. cerevisiae shorter MLF realizations [5] . Little information is available on the temporal effect of the presence of T. delbrueckii on (i) the evolution of AF and (ii) the MLF performance.

Biomass accumulation in yeast has been studied in this work in terms of their role in fermentation processes. So, biotin is involved in many reactions and nitrogen metabolism disorders

After fermentations, the crude wine is a turbid medium not accepted by the consumer therefore, it needs to be filtered

Terroir zoning studies have to manage the heterogeneity and complexity of the landscape properties and processes. The varying geology is one of the main landscape properties conditioning the spatial variability of terroirs.

Wine dealcoholisation has been practised since the early 1900s and has gained importance due to climate change
and shifting consumer preferences for lower-alcohol beverages. Rising temperatures are accelerating grape
ripening, increasing sugar content and, consequently, raising the alcohol strength of wines.