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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Interacción mesoclima-suelo en la calidad del vino de Cabernet-Sauvignon en las denominaciones de origen Priorato y Tarragona

Interacción mesoclima-suelo en la calidad del vino de Cabernet-Sauvignon en las denominaciones de origen Priorato y Tarragona

Abstract

Las condiciones heliotérmicas en España son en general favorables a alcanzar una elevada producción de azúcares en las bayas de prácticamente todas las variedades que se cultivan en nuestro país. La mayoría son de ciclo vegetativo largo, siendo este nivel de azúcares acumulados suficiente para obtener la correspondiente graduación en los vinos. El clima en que se cultiva la vid en la mayor parte de zonas vitícolas se caracteriza por una integral térmica elevada y precipitaciones escasas (Peacock et al., 1987; Prior and Grieve, 1987: Hidalgo, 1993). Estas condiciones permiten la adaptación y desarrollo hasta su completa maduración de variedades de ciclo vegetativo largo.
España es un país de gran tradición vitícola, con una superficie elevada de viñedo y con condiciones ecológicas óptimas para este cultivo. Muchas zonas mediterráneas productoras de vinos vcprd (vinos de calidad producidos en regiones determinadas) presentan, pero, una pluviometría que supera en pocos casos los 400 mm anuales y con precipitaciones que se reparten irregularmente a lo largo del año. La pluviometría que se registra durante el ciclo vegetativo en muchos casos no alcanza ni tan siquiera los 100 mm. La cantidad de agua utilizada por una planta de vid es aproximadamente el 25% de la cantidad total de agua evapotranspirada durante los meses estivales (Lascano. R.J. et al., 1992). La enorme evaporación que se produce del suelo no compensa el aporte hídrico que ha tenido lugar hasta la primavera (Escalona JM et al., 1999). Este hecho ocasiona un fuerte estrés hídrico en la planta durante todo el ciclo de desarrollo vegetativo y maduración que repercute en los procesos fisiológicos de crecimiento y fotosíntesis : limitación de la apertura estomática con repercusiones en la tasa de fotosíntesis y reducción de la capacidad fotosintética de las hojas. (Chaves and Rodrigues, 1987, Escalona et al., 1999). Esto conduce a la obtención de una uva poco madura y/o desequilibrada en cuanto a composición, y como resultado final muchas veces se produce una disminución de la calidad de los vinos producidos (Enrique Escudero, 1991).
La respuesta del viñedo a las condiciones climáticas y edáficas depende de la variedad. La introducción de variedades foráneas lejos de su ecosistema habitual de cultivo, ha reportado sorpresas muchas veces negativas. Es por eso que resulta muy interesante estudiar la adaptación de variedades no autóctonas a fin de valorar su potencialidad en la nueva zona. El principal objetivo de este estudio es estudiar influencia del mesoclima y de las características edáficas en la calidad del vino elaborado a partir de la variedad Cabernet-Sauvignon en las D.O. Priorato y Tarragona, las cuales presentan características ecológicas diferenciadas.

DOI:

Publication date: February 24, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2000

Type: Article

Authors

Miriam Lampreave, Sumpta Mateos, Josep Valls and Montse Nadal

Unitat d’Enologia del Centre de Referència en Tecnologia d’Aliments de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Dept de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Facultat d’Enologia de Tarragona. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Ramón y Cajal, 70, 43005 Tarragona

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2000

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