terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Abstract

Climate change is challenging viticulture worldwide compromising its sustainability due to warmer temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme events. Grafting Vitis vinifera L. (traditional cultivars for wine production) onto North American grapevine species or hybrids is routinely used in most grape growing areas accounting for about the 80% of vineyards globally. Grapevine grafting started at the end of the 19th century to combat phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), since many of the American Vitis species are tolerant to this soil born pest. Decline of vineyard longevity might be partially explained by a decline in grafting quality in the nurseries. Omega grafting stands out as the most popular grafting method given its higher success rate in nurseries. However, the high pace of the grafting production leads to a poor-quality union of the graft point, with a smaller contact surface and presumably a worse connection area, compromising the phloem and xylem formation. Thus, we hypothesized that performing an omega graft of higher or lower technical quality could have implications on grapevine physiology, especially in terms of water relations. We identified two levels of technical quality: CA, completely aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and the cane had the same diameter and PA, partially aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and rootstock had different diameters. Results showed that CA plants had a higher rate of vegetative growth and higher gas exchange performance in terms of transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance. These trends were not explained by increased hydraulic conductivity at the scion level, thus, results suggested an effect of the grafting quality on the phloem formation. Therefore, this study highlights the relevance of exploring the effect of the grafting quality on the grapevine water relations to identify how the changes in plant performance could help on achieving resilient plants to water stress or drought.

DOI:

Publication date: May 31, 2022

Issue: Terclim 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Diana Marín1,2, Nazareth Torres1,2, Silvina Dayer3, Ana Villa-Llop1, Francisco Javier Abad1,4, Gregory A. Gambetta1, José M. Torres-Ruiz5 and Luis Gonzaga Santesteban1,2

1Dept. of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
2Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
3EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
4INTIA, Edificio de Peritos Avda. Villava, Spain
5Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France

 

Contact the author

Keywords

gas exchange, hydraulic conductivity, leaf area, omega grafting, water status

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terclim 2022

Citation

Related articles…

Wine archeochemistry: a multiplatform analytical approach to chemically profile shipwreck wines

The Cape of Storms (also known as Cape of Good Hope) is renowned for harbouring a multitude of shipwrecks due to the inherent treacherous coastline and blistering storms.

La place du terroir dans le processus de patrimonialisation : l’exemple des paysages culturels viticoles du patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco

Eleven wine-growing sites are now on the UNESCO World Heritage List as Cultural Landscapes. If the viticultural character of these sites constitutes the main argument for the demonstration of their heritage value, the terroir and its biophysical and environmental characteristics tend however to appear in a minor mode compared to the aesthetic and cultural dimensions. In other words, the “specific characteristics of the soil, topography, climate, landscape and biodiversity” (OIV definition) are most often used as descriptive elements in the presentation of the sites, but it is more the aesthetic, historical,

Analysis of off flavours in grapes infected with the fungal bunch rot pathogens, Aspergillus, Botrytis and Pencillium

Fungal bunch rots of grapes cause major losses to grape yield worldwide, yet the impact these moulds have on grape and wine quality is not well characterised. We sought to investigate the formation of unwanted volatile compounds of fungal origin in both synthetic grape juice culture media and in inoculated grape berries. Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius, or Pencillium expansum were grown in synthetic grape juice medium and the culture homogenates analysed 4 and 7 days post inoculation. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of the culture homogenates 4 days post inoculation demonstrated that each of the fungi examined produced varying quantities of the mushroom or fungus-like aroma compounds, 1-Octen-3-ol, 1-Octen-3-one and 3-Octanone with A. carbonarius producing up to ten times the amounts of all three metabolites per mg of dry mycelium.

Ancient and recent construction of Terroirs

The local wine as an area identified and recognized is a complex socio-historical reality that calls an effort of observation and theoretical reflection using various social sciences

Influence of maceration time and temperature on some bioactive compounds in Malvazija istarska white wines

The rising trend of moderate wine consumption as a part of a healthy lifestyle promotes white wines with higher phenolic content because of their bioactive properties. Duration and temperature of the maceration process have a marked impact on the content and composition of wine phenolics. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of applying maceration processes of different durations and temperature on total phenolic content and flavan-3-ol compounds concentration of Malvazija istarska (Vitis vinifera L.) wines, an autochthonous Croatian white grape variety. Vinification took place at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism (Poreč) where pre-fermentative two days cryomaceration treatment at 8 °C (CRYO), seven days maceration treatment at 16 °C (M7), and prolonged post-fermentative maceration treatments at 16 °C for 14 days (M14), 21 day (M21), and 42 days (M42) were studied and compared to non-maceration control treatment (C). Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer and the results were expressed as gallic acid equivalents (mg/L GAE).