terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Abstract

Climate change is challenging viticulture worldwide compromising its sustainability due to warmer temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme events. Grafting Vitis vinifera L. (traditional cultivars for wine production) onto North American grapevine species or hybrids is routinely used in most grape growing areas accounting for about the 80% of vineyards globally. Grapevine grafting started at the end of the 19th century to combat phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), since many of the American Vitis species are tolerant to this soil born pest. Decline of vineyard longevity might be partially explained by a decline in grafting quality in the nurseries. Omega grafting stands out as the most popular grafting method given its higher success rate in nurseries. However, the high pace of the grafting production leads to a poor-quality union of the graft point, with a smaller contact surface and presumably a worse connection area, compromising the phloem and xylem formation. Thus, we hypothesized that performing an omega graft of higher or lower technical quality could have implications on grapevine physiology, especially in terms of water relations. We identified two levels of technical quality: CA, completely aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and the cane had the same diameter and PA, partially aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and rootstock had different diameters. Results showed that CA plants had a higher rate of vegetative growth and higher gas exchange performance in terms of transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance. These trends were not explained by increased hydraulic conductivity at the scion level, thus, results suggested an effect of the grafting quality on the phloem formation. Therefore, this study highlights the relevance of exploring the effect of the grafting quality on the grapevine water relations to identify how the changes in plant performance could help on achieving resilient plants to water stress or drought.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: May 31, 2022

Issue: Terclim 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Diana Marín1,2, Nazareth Torres1,2, Silvina Dayer3, Ana Villa-Llop1, Francisco Javier Abad1,4, Gregory A. Gambetta1, José M. Torres-Ruiz5 and Luis Gonzaga Santesteban1,2

1Dept. of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
2Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
3EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
4INTIA, Edificio de Peritos Avda. Villava, Spain
5Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France

 

Contact the author

Keywords

gas exchange, hydraulic conductivity, leaf area, omega grafting, water status

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terclim 2022

Citation

Related articles…

The landscape in the development of vineyard regions: an application to the ACO Dão and ACO Bairrada (Central Portugal)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of landscapes in the notoriety and marketing of wines and in tourism promotion, specifically in the case of two centenary Portuguese demarcated regions
Read More

Do high temperature extremes impact berry tannin composition?

Flavonoids, including flavonols, anthocyanins, and tannins, are
important contributors to grape and wine quality, and their biosynthesis is strongly influenced by bunch microclimate. While the synergistic effect of light and temperature has been intensively examined on flavonoids in relation to bunch exposure, studies targeting the sole effect of high temperature have mostly
focused on anthocyanins during the ripening period. With tannin biosynthesis starting around flowering, heatwaves occurring earlier in the grape growing season could be critical. Only a few papers report the impact of temperature on tannin synthesis and accumulation; to date, none have examined the effect of high temperature extremes which, in the context of climate change, relates to increases in heatwave intensity.

Read More

Zoning for drinking, tasting the territory place (“Great Zonation”): first considerations and methodology

Following the idea of « Grande Filiera » (GF) (Great chain), of « Grande Zonazione » (GZ) (Great Zonation), of “interpretation, estimation and valorisation of vineyards and wines landscape, of “qualities”(we have classified more than ninety), of quality economy.

Read More

IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE SEASONING QUALITY OF OAK WOOD FOR OENOLOGICAL USE (QUERCUS PETRAEA)

For coopers, seasoning and toasting are considered crucial steps in barrel making during which the oak wood develops specific organoleptic properties. Seasoning, carried out in the open air, allows reducing the moisture content of the staves to between 14 and 18% (compared to 70 to 90% after splitting) while modulating the intrinsic composition of the oak wood. Toasting consists of applying different degrees of heat to a barrel for a specific period of time. As the temperature increases, oak wood produces a wide range of chemical compounds through thermal degradation of its intrinsic composition.

Read More

Mitigation of retronasal smoke flavor carryover in the sensory analysis of smoke affected wines

With the steady rise in wildfire occurrence in wine regions around the world, there are quality issues beginning to face the wine industry. These fires produce clouds of smoke which have the ability to carry organic molecules across vast distances that can be absorbed by grapes. When these compounds make their way into the final wine, unpleasant smokey and burnt flavors are present, along with a lasting ashy finish. Along with the volatile compounds carried by smoke, once incorporated into the fruit these compounds become bound to sugars, forming glycosidic compounds.

Read More