terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Effects of graft quality on growth and grapevine-water relations

Abstract

Climate change is challenging viticulture worldwide compromising its sustainability due to warmer temperatures and the increased frequency of extreme events. Grafting Vitis vinifera L. (traditional cultivars for wine production) onto North American grapevine species or hybrids is routinely used in most grape growing areas accounting for about the 80% of vineyards globally. Grapevine grafting started at the end of the 19th century to combat phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), since many of the American Vitis species are tolerant to this soil born pest. Decline of vineyard longevity might be partially explained by a decline in grafting quality in the nurseries. Omega grafting stands out as the most popular grafting method given its higher success rate in nurseries. However, the high pace of the grafting production leads to a poor-quality union of the graft point, with a smaller contact surface and presumably a worse connection area, compromising the phloem and xylem formation. Thus, we hypothesized that performing an omega graft of higher or lower technical quality could have implications on grapevine physiology, especially in terms of water relations. We identified two levels of technical quality: CA, completely aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and the cane had the same diameter and PA, partially aligned scion and rootstock cuttings where the scion and rootstock had different diameters. Results showed that CA plants had a higher rate of vegetative growth and higher gas exchange performance in terms of transpiration and canopy stomatal conductance. These trends were not explained by increased hydraulic conductivity at the scion level, thus, results suggested an effect of the grafting quality on the phloem formation. Therefore, this study highlights the relevance of exploring the effect of the grafting quality on the grapevine water relations to identify how the changes in plant performance could help on achieving resilient plants to water stress or drought.

Download the PDF

DOI:

Publication date: May 31, 2022

Issue: Terclim 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Diana Marín1,2, Nazareth Torres1,2, Silvina Dayer3, Ana Villa-Llop1, Francisco Javier Abad1,4, Gregory A. Gambetta1, José M. Torres-Ruiz5 and Luis Gonzaga Santesteban1,2

1Dept. of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food Science, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
2Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
3EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
4INTIA, Edificio de Peritos Avda. Villava, Spain
5Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France

 

Contact the author

Keywords

gas exchange, hydraulic conductivity, leaf area, omega grafting, water status

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terclim 2022

Citation

Related articles…

Mapping natural terroir units using a multivariate approach and legacy data

This work aimed at setting up a multivariate and geostatistical methodology to map natural terroir units of the viticultural areas at the province scale (1:125,000).
Read More

Prevention of quercetin precipitation in red wines: a promising enzymatic solution

In this video recording of the IVES science meeting 2023, Simone Vincenzi (Department of agronomy, food, natural resources, animals and environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy) speaks about the prevention of quercetin precipitation in red wines with a promising enzymatic solution. This presentation is based on an original article accessible for free on OENO One.

Read More

Early defoliation positively enhances bioactive composition of berries with no effect on cuticle characteristics

Leaf removal in the fruit-zone has been employed to improve cluster light exposure and ventilation and therefore increase metabolite accumulation and reduce botrytis incidence in berries. When applied before flowering (early defoliation – ED), it can also decrease cluster compactness and regulate yield in high-yielding varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ED on the physiology and metabolism of Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) berries along the ripening period. The experiment was set up in 2013 at a commercial vineyard located in the Lisbon winegrowing region.

Read More

Perception, liking and emotional response of tropical fruit aromas in Chardonnay wines

Tropical fruit aromas in wines are thought to be important to wine consumers, although there is little research to confirm this statement. With so many wine styles available, it has become important to understand the qualities that are desirable to consumers and how to achieve those qualities. Thiols and esters are compounds that have been found to cause tropical fruit aromas in chardonnay (ref). Fermentation temperature gradients and skin contact were found to increase these compounds using micro scale fermentations. This work aimed to scale up these fermentations/operations to determine if the desired tropical fruit aromas could still be achieved and if there is a perceivable difference in tropical fruit aromas, liking, and emotional response in the wines at the consumer level.

Read More

Organoleptic and analytical impacts of the color of glass of the bottles on Chasselas wine

This study was performed on Chasselas wine to assess the impact of exposure to wine light according to several glass color of bottles. The aim was to highlight any differences whether from an organoleptic or analytical point of view depending on the color. For this, four different shades were compared, dead leaf, green, cinnamon and transparent. A control, not treated with light, was also included in the study…

Read More