IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 Evaluating Smoke Contaminants in Wine Using 13C-Labelled Barley as a Fuel Source

Evaluating Smoke Contaminants in Wine Using 13C-Labelled Barley as a Fuel Source

Abstract

Wildfires are becoming more common in many areas of the world that are also associated with wine grape production, especially the Pacific northwest United States, Australia and even some areas of France. Wine grapes have shown to be incredibly sensitive towards the smoke produced from nearby wildfires, acquiring negative sensory characteristics, such as ashy, burnt, or campfire-like flavors and aromas. The chemical markers often associated with smoke, guaiacol and 4-ethyl guaiacol, can delineate the presence of a nearby fire, though there has been some disagreement on the chemical components responsible for some of the negative flavors and aromas.1,2 This study uses a 13C-tagged fuel source, barley (Hordeum vulgare), that is grown in 13CO2 for 10 days of its life cycle using pulse-labelling techniques. 13C content of the barley was evaluated using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, revealing 13C/12C content as high as 4.47 ± 0.75% compared to the natural ~1.08% for natural abundance in plant material. Grapes were exposed to 13C-labelled smoke in separate post- and pre-harvest trials, burning 5 g and 10 g dried barley bundles, respectively, every 30 minutes for 6 hours. Smoke density was piped “cold” to enclosures containing wine grapes and smoke was maintained at 20-100 mg/m3 for smoke particles < 1 μm, simulating a very nearby fire. The exposed grapes were Pinot noir and Chardonnay grown in Monroe, Oregon at Woodhall III Vineyards. The 13C is ideal for chemical identification using 13C-NMR after HPLC and GCMS separation and evaluation to identify novel targets for smoke chemicals affecting wine. Determining better chemical targets for amelioration will ultimately lead toward better, more targeted, amelioration techniques.

DOI:

Publication date: June 23, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Article

Authors

Cerrato D.Cole1, Garcia Lindsay1, Eberz Elaina1, Penner Mike1 and Tomasino Elizabeth1

1Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, 3051 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331

Contact the author

Keywords

Smoke, 13C, Pinot noir, Chardonnay

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Monitoring grapevine water status using Landsat 8 images: a two-year case study in a Merlot vineyard

Viticulture needs for spatial and temporal information are increasing to improve vineyard management, especially concerning water efficiency. Remote sensing, particularly from satellites, can be a powerful tool to assess vineyard characteristics such as vigor or water status in space-time. In this study, we use Landsat 8, an American Earth observation satellite with six bands from the visible (VIS) to the Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) domains with 30m spatial resolution and two thermal bands with 100m spatial resolution.

A comprehensive and accurate annotation for the grapevine T2T genome 

Addressing the opportunities and challenges of genomics methods in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) requires the development of a comprehensive and accurate reference genome and annotation. We aimed to create a new gene annotation for the PN40024 grapevine reference genome by integrating the highly accurate and complete T2T assembly and the manually curated PN40024.v4 annotation. Here, we present a novel workflow to enhance the annotation of the T2T genome by incorporating past community input found in PN40024.v4. The pipeline’s containerization will improve the workflow’s reproducibility and flexibility, facilitating its inclusion as a shared workflow on the Grapedia portal, the grapevine genomics encyclopedia.

Wine growing terroirs: management of potential. New issues at stake for AOCs in France

Terroirs represent a heritage that must be studied and managed with appropriate methods; recourse to agronomic and oenological sciences alone is necessary, but is in no way sufficient without the contribution of the humanities.

Genetic study of wild grapevines in La Rioja region

Since the mid-1980s, several surveys have been carried out in La Rioja to search for populations of the sylvestris grapevine subspecies (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris Gmelin). The banks of the Ebro River and its tributaries (Alhama, Cidacos, Leza, Iregua, Najerilla, Oja and Tirón rivers), as well as the surrounding vegetation of their valleys have been covered. So far, all the populations found are alluvial, forming part of the riparian vegetation of the Najerilla (the first reported population in La Rioja [1]), Iregua, and the vicinity of Oja valleys.

Cover crop influence on water relations, yield, grape and wine composition of Pinot noir

The effect of cover crop on the water relations, yield and grape composition of Pinot noir vines was investigated during two seasons (2003 and 2004) in a gravely soil located in Tarragona (Spain). Seventeen-year-old vines, grafted onto R110 and trained onto a Ballerina training system, were used.