The use of microwaves during the maceration of Cabernet Sauvignon wines for improving their chromatic characteristics

Dealcoholization of wine has gained increasing attention as consumer preferences shift toward lower-alcohol or
alcohol-free beverages. This process meets key demands, including health-conscious lifestyles, regulatory
compliance, and the expanding non-alcoholic market [1-3].

3-Mercaptohexanol (3MH) is a volatile thiol occurring in several white and red wines, where it can contribute to fruity attributes. Its content is typically high in wines from certain grape varieties, in particular Sauvignon blanc, where it is considered a varietal marker. The strong nucleophilic character of thiols makes 3MH rather unstable during wine storage, due to the presence of several strong electrophilic species. Among these electrophilics, those arising from the oxidation of flavan3-ols such as catechin and epi-catechin have been indicated as critical for 3MH stability. Accordingly, there is a generalized interest towards the ability of vinification practices to reduce 3MH loss during aging through the management of wine flavan-3-ols content.

Climate change impacts regional and local climates, which in turn affects the world’s wine regions. In the short term, these modifications rises issues about maintaining quality and style of wine, and in a longer term about the suitability of grape varieties and the sustainability of traditional wine regions. Thus, adaptation to climate change represents a major challenge for viticulture. In this context, island and coastal vineyards could become coveted areas due to their specific climatic conditions. In regions subject to warming, the proximity of the sea can moderate extremes temperatures, which could be an advantage for wine. However, coastal and island areas are particular prized spaces and subject to multiple pressures that make the establishment or extension of viticulture complex.
In this perspective, it seems relevant to assess the potentialities of coastal and island areas for viticulture. This contribution will present a spatial optimization model that tends to characterize most suitable agroclimatic patterns in historical or emerging vineyards according to different scenarios. Thanks to an in-depth bibliography a global inventory of coastal and insular vineyards on a worldwide scale has been realized. Relevant criteria have been identified to describe the specificities of these vineyards. They are used as input data in the optimization process, which will optimize some objectives and spatial aspects. According to a predefined scenario, the objectives are set in three main categories associated with climatic characteristics, vineyards characteristics and management strategies. At the end of this optimization process, a series of maps presents the different spatial configurations that maximize the scenario objectives.

The physical factors that influence the grape ripening include elevation, slope, aspect, potential global radiation, sun hours and soil type of the vineyards.

Goriška Brda est la région viticole située le plus à l’ouest de la Slovénie, attenante au Collio d’Italie. Goriška Brda (2020 ha de vignobles) a une longue tradition d’élevage viticole. La proximité de la mer Adriatique (Golfe de Trieste) au sud-ouest et des Alpes Juliennes au nord contribue à un climat caractéristique et unique qui influe sur la croissance et la fertilité de la vigne. La constitution des sols, un climat typique et un relief mouvementé provoquent des différences dans la production du raisin, sa quantité et sa qualité. L’utilisation du zonage ou du microzonage permettraient d’atténuer les influences des facteurs climatiques et du sol sur la production de la vigne ou d’en profiter. Pour évaluer la signification des différents facteurs, nous avons résumé et réuni les modèles de différents auteurs.