IVAS 2022 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 IVAS 9 IVAS 2022 9 Effects Of Injections Of Large Amounts Of Air During Fermentation

Effects Of Injections Of Large Amounts Of Air During Fermentation

Abstract

Aim: Evaluating the effects of high amount of air injection during red wine fermentation process, on phenolic extraction dynamics, oxygen dissolution, phenolic compounds evolution, and oxidation of red wines.MethodsRed grapes musts were fermented in 100.000 L stainless steel tank, equipped with Parsec SRL “Air mixing” gas injection systems. For this experiment, treatments with two injection regimes, high and low intensity, and high and low daily frequency, were used. Oxygen analyzer was introduced into the tank to evaluate the gas concentration evolution along the fermentation. At the same time samples were taken at inoculation (time 0), day 2, 4, 6 and after running off. Soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH were measured in the samples according to OIV-MA-AS313-01 and OIV-MA- AS313-15 methodologies. The content of glucose- fructose, malic acid, tartaric acid, cooper, iron, glycerol, anthocyanins and catechins in musts were analyzed by commercial enzymatic kits. Phenolic composition was evaluated by tannins methylcellulose precipitation assay (1), short and large polymeric pigments total phenolics by bovine albumin precipitation (2), total phenolics by Folin-Cioacalteu (3), and low molecular weight phenolics by HPLC-DAD were analyzed (4). Color was also determined in CIELAB parameters by absorption spectra at 280, 450, 520, 570 and 630 nm by using software MSCV developed by the Research Colour Group at the University of La Rioja, and 420 nm to evaluate browning index. 

Results: Our results show significative differences mostly in phenolic evolution, as we expected the highest intensity and frequency of air injection, produced the most elevated peaks of oxygen dilution and the highest increase in total phenolics, anthocyanins, short polymeric pigments, and tannin concentration. For all treatments was observed the increase of phenolic compounds extraction during fermentation. The total phenolic, tannins and anthocyanins concentration were high in second place by the treatment with low intensity and low daily frequency. Formation of short and large polymeric pigments were more associated with the high frequency than the intensity, these treatments at the same time had less browning index than the other treatments associated with chemical stability in wines. These results can be associated to the oxygen treatments, although, there is clear differences associated to the temperature during the air injection, the grapes origin and phenolic extractable capacity.

Conclusions: Contrary to some investigations of micro-oxigenation, the injection of high quantities of air or oxygen into musts has no investigated before, and its unknown the real effects in the phenolic extraction and the final stability in wine. These is an introduce to the investigation in these alternatives of overpumping musts.

References

1. Mercurio, M. D., Dambergs, R. G., Herderich, M. J., & Smith, P. A. (2007). High throughput analysis of red wine and grape phenolics adaptation and validation of methyl cellulose precipitable tannin assay and modified somers color assay to a rapid 96 well plate format. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 55(12), 4651-4657.
2. Harbertson, J. F., Picciotto, E. A., & Adams, D. O. (2003). Measurement of polymeric pigments in grape berry extract sand wines using a protein precipitation assay combined with bisulfite bleaching. American journal of enology and viticulture, 54(4), 301-306.
3. Waterhouse, A. L. (2002). Polyphenolics: determination of total phenolics. On RE Wrolstad. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, 257-326.
4. Gómez-Alonso, S., García-Romero, E., & Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I. (2007). HPLC analysis of diverse grape and wine phenolics using direct injection and multidetection by DAD and fluorescence. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20(7), 618–626.
5. Gambuti, A., Picariello, L., Rinaldi, A., & Moio, L. (2018). Evolution of Sangiovese Wines With Varied Tannin and Anthocyanin Ratios During Oxidative Aging. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6(March), 1–11.
6. Laurie, F., Salazar, S., Campos, M. I., Cáceres-Mella, A., & Peña-Neira, Á. (2014). Periodic aeration of red wine compared to microoxygenation at production scale. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 65(2), 254–260.

DOI:

Publication date: June 27, 2022

Issue: IVAS 2022

Type: Poster

Authors

Peña-Martínez Paula.A1, Catalán-Fuentes Rocio E.1 and Laurie V. Felipe1

1Universidad de Talca

Contact the author

Keywords

Phenolics, oxidation, fermentetion evolution, air injection.

Tags

IVAS 2022 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Current climate change in the Oplenac wine-growing district (Serbia)

Serbian autochthonous vine varieties Smederevka (for white wines) and Prokupac (for rosé and red wines) are the primary representatives of typical characteristics of wines and terroir of numerous wine-growing areas in Serbia. In the past, these varieties were the leading vine varieties, however, as the result of globalization of winemaking and the trend of consumption of wines from widely prevalent vine varieties, they were replaced by introduced international varieties. Smederevka and Prokupac vine varieties are characterized by later time of grape ripening, and relative sensitivity to low temperatures. Climate conditions can be a restrictive factor for production of high-quality grapes and wine and for the spatial spreading of these varieties in hilly continental wine-growing areas. This paper focuses on the spatial analysis of changes of main climate parameters, in particular, analysis of viticultural bioclimatic indices that were determined for the purposes of viticulture zoning of wine-growing areas in the period 1961-2010, and those same parameters determined for the current, that is, referential climate period (1988-2017). Results of the research, that is, analysis of climate changes indicate that the majority of examined climate parameters in the Oplenac wine-growing district improved from the perspective of Smederevka and Prokupac vine varieties. These studies of climate conditions indicate that changes of analyzed climate parameters, that is, bioclimatic indices will be favorable for cultivation of varieties with later grape ripening times and those more sensitive to low temperatures, such as the autochthonous vine varieties Smederevka and Prokupac, therefore, it is recommended to producers to more actively plant vineyards with these varieties in the territory of the Oplenac wine-growing district.
Read More

Phenological characterization of a wide range of Vitis Vinifera varieties

In order to study the impact of climate change on Bordeaux grape varieties and to assess the adaptation capacities of candidates to the grape varieties of this wine region to the new climatic conditions, an experimental block design composed of 52 grape varieties was set up in 2009 at the INRAE Bordeaux Aquitaine center. Among the many parameters studied, the three main phenological stages of the vine (budburst, flowering and veraison) have been closely monitored since 2012. Observations for each year, stage and variety were carried out on four independent replicates. Precocity indices have been calculated from the data obtained over the 2012-2021 period (Barbeau et al. 1998). This work allowed to group the phenological behaviour of the grapevine varieties, not only based on the timing of the subsequent developmental stages, but also on the overall precocity of the cycle and the total length of the cycle between budburst and veraison. Results regarding the variability observed among the different grape varieties for these phenological stages are presented as heat maps.

Read More

The modification of cultural practices in grapevine cv. Syrah, does it modify the characteristics of the musts?

The work shows the results of a year of experimentation (2020) in a Syrah variety vineyard in La Roda (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). The trial approach was on a randomized block design with two factors: Irrigation (I) and Pruning (P).
Irrigation schedules were adjusted to apply amounts close to 1,500 m3/ha. With this provision, 2 different irrigation treatments were proposed: I1) Start of irrigation from pea-sized grape to post-harvest (providing at least 20 % of the total amount of irrigation water to be provided post-harvest); I2) Start of irrigation from pea-sized grape to harvest (usual irrigation practice in the study area). Pruning was proposed with two treatments, one at the end of January (P1), which is pruning on a conventional date; and P2) pruning carried out at the beginning of budding. In total, 4 repetitions were designed with 4 elementary plots, each one of them representing one of the proposed treatments (I1P1; I1P2; I2P1; I2P2). In total, 16 plots were worked on and each elementary plot consisted of 30 strains, distributed in 3 lines.
The productive response was evaluated with the yield results of the harvest harvested at 23 ºBrix. The qualitative response was measured in the musts through the indices of technological (acidity, pH and potassium) and phenolic maturity and aromatic compounds in free and glycosylated fractions. The treatments tested had, in general, an effect on the different variables analyzed.

Read More

A predictive model of spatial Eca variability in the vineyard to support the monitoring of plant status

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...
Read More

Mesoclimate impact on Tannat in the Atlantic terroir of Uruguay

The study of climate is relevant as an element conditioning the typicity of a product, its quality and sustainability over the years. The grapevine development and growth and the final grape and wine composition are closely related to temperature, while climate components vary at mesoscale according to topography and/or proximity to large bodies of water. The objective of this work is to assess the mesoclimate of the Atlantic region of Uruguay and to determine the effect of topography and the ocean on temperature and consequently on Tannat grapevine behavior.

Read More