GiESCO 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 GiESCO 9 Tolerance to sunburn: a variable to consider in the context of climate change

Tolerance to sunburn: a variable to consider in the context of climate change

Abstract

Context and purpose of the study – Climate change effects on grapevine phenology and grape primary and secondary metabolites are well described in recent literature. Increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves may be responsible for important yield losses in the future. However, the impact of this event is not so well described in literature. The present study highlights the importance of grape variety tolerance as a mitigation tool to climate change.

Material and methods – Sunburn intensity was evaluated in an ampelographic field, located at Alentejo, the warmest region of Portugal, after a strong heat wave that occurred in the first week of august of 2018. The vineyard, planted in 2011, has 189 grapevine varieties (125 plants per variety), grafted on 1103P, with a plant density of 2222 plants ha-1 (distance in the row = 1.5m; distance between rows =3.0 m). Row orientation is N-S. Sunburn intensity was visually evaluated in both sides of the canopy and the results converted into varietal tolerance to sunburn (intensity ranging from 1 to 5, being 1 very tolerant and 5 very sensitive). Standard meteorological variables were measured at the experimental plot, namely air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed and direct solar radiation (hourly data). Canopy height and width was estimated from digital images perpendicular to the rows (12 images per variety) and from remote imagery (Micasense Redegde).

Results –The heat wave observed in August was characterized for a period of 6 consecutive days with maximum air temperatures above 40oC (Tmax ≈ 45oC), minimum temperatures around 25oC and extremely dry air and the maximum DPV higher than 8.4 kPa. From the 103 white varieties under study, only 3 varieties were classified as extremely sensitive and 5 as very sensitive. From all the evaluated white varieties, 44% (with different geographic origins) behaved as extremely tolerant. Relatively to the 82 red varieties, there was an increase in the varieties classified as extremely sensitive and very sensitive varieties (17%) and a reduction on the varieties classified as extremely tolerant (30%). Only 4 rose varieties were studied and Ahmeur bou Ahmeur stands out. This variety was very sensitive to sunburn despite its North African origin.

The increase of sunburn intensity in red varieties highlights the contribution of berry color on berry energy balance. When comparing the bunch exposition, it was observed that sunburn intensity in exposed grapes onthe West facing side of the canopy was around two times bigger than in the East face, either for white and red cultivars, which highlights the importance of row orientation in new plantations.

DOI:

Publication date: March 11, 2024

Issue: GiESCO 2019

Type: Poster

Authors

José SILVESTRE1*, Miguel DAMÁSIO1, Ricardo EGIPTO1, Jorge CUNHA1, João BRAZÃO1, José EIRAS-DIAS1, Rui FLORES2, Amandio RODRIGUES2, Patrick DONNO2, Jorge BÖHM3

1 INIAV, I.P., Pólo de Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos
2 Herdade do Esporão, Apartado 31, 7200-999, Reguengos de Monsaraz
3 Viveiros PLANSEL Lda, Quinta São Jorge, 7050-909 Montemor-o-Novo

Contact the author

Keywords

Grapevine, Variety, Sunburn, Heat wave, Climate change

Tags

GiESCO | GiESCO 2019 | IVES Conference Series

Citation

Related articles…

Chemical and sensory profile of Brazilian red wines upon the cultivar and geographic origin of vineyards

Many vineyards implanted in Brazil in the last 20 years are placed under very different natural conditions if compared to Serra Gaúcha, the oldest and more traditional viticultural region in the country.

Agroclimatic characterization of Monreale DOC appellation for vine growing

This paper presents the results of an agroclimatic study of the viticulture area called DOC Monreale (Pa), Italy, which was carried out with the aim to supply a working instrument supporting viticulture planning.

Influence of the type of tanks employed for winemaking on red wine phenolic composition

The grape maturation process is being affected by the consequences of global climate change and, as a result, there is a gap at harvest time between the technological maturity of grapes (mostly the concentration of sugar and acids) and its phenolic quality. Due to this gap, the wines elaborated using those grapes show a non-adequate phenolic composition, which results in defects on its color and astringency characteristics. Astringency is mainly related to the salivary protein precipitation because of the interaction not only with wine flavanols but also with other wine phenolics, such as flavonols or different pigments.

Vineyard yield estimation using image analysis: assessing bunch occlusions and its dependency on fruiting zone canopy features

Performing accurate vineyard yield estimation is of upmost importance as it provides important benefits to the whole vine and wine industry. Recently, image-analysis approaches have been explored to address this issue however this approach has as main challenge the bunch occlusion, mostly by vegetation but also by neighboring bunches. The present work aims at assessing the magnitude of bunch occlusion by neighboring bunches and to evaluate its dependency on a selection of vegetative and reproductive vine parameters assessed at fruiting zone. Forty vine segments (1 m) of two vineyard plots of the white cultivars ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ were assessed for vegetative and reproductive features at fruiting zone and imaged with a 2D camera.

Photodegradation of retsina wine: does pine resin protect against light-induced changes?

Retsina is a wine deeply rooted in Greek tradition but often misunderstood, largely due to the poor quality associated with past production. Historically, pine resin was used to seal wine transport containers, and over time, its distinctive aroma led to its intentional incorporation into winemaking.