Aroma characterization of aged cognac spirits: contribution of volatile terpenoid compounds

Wines from different regions or AVAs have been found to have sensory differences, as these areas are typically located quite far apart and have dramatically different climates, soils and other terroir factors.

Alteration of sap pH is one of the first chemical changes that occurs within the xylem vessels of plants exposed to drought. Xylem sap acidification accompanied by the accumulation of soluble sugars has been recently documented in several species (Sharp and Davis, 2009; Secchi and Zwieniecki, 2016). Here, Vitis vinifera plants of the anysohydric cultivar Barbera were exposed to either short (no irrigation; SD) or to prolonged drought (continual reduction of 10% water; PD). When comparable severe stress was reached, the potted grapes were re-watered. SD was characterized by fast (2–3 days) stomatal closure and high abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in xylem sap (>400 μg L−1) and in leaf. In PD plants, the rise in ABA levels was considerably diminished.

Grapevine yield has been historically overlooked, assuming a strong trade-off between grape yield and wine quality. At present, menaced by climate change, many vineyards in Southern France are far from the quality label threshold, becoming grapevine yield-gaps a major subject of concern. Although yield-gaps are well studied in arable crops, we know very little about grapevine yield-gaps. In the present study, we analysed the environmental component of grapevine yield-gaps linked to climate and soil resources in the Languedoc Roussillon. We used SAFRAN data and IGP Pays d’Oc wine yields from 2010 to 2018. We selected climate and soil indicators proving to have a significant effect on average wine yield-gaps at the municipality scale. The most significant factors of grapevine yield were the Soil Available Water Capacity; followed by the Huglin Index and the Climatic Dryness Index. The Days of Frost; the Soil pH; and the Very Hot Days were also significant. Then, we clustered geographical zones presenting similar indicators, facilitating the identification of resources yield-gaps. We discussed the number of zones with the experts of IGP Pays d’Oc label, obtaining 7 zones with similar limitations for grapevine yield. Finally, we analysed the main resources causing yield-gaps and the grapevine varieties planted on each zone. Mapping grapevine resource yield-gaps are the first stage for understanding grapevine yield-gaps at the regional scale.

Research is focused on the increase of the field of obtaining the wine yeast, under physical and chemical conditions. Study of different influences on yeast production is very important for the promotion

AIM: The bioprotection by adding yeasts is an emerging sulfur dioxide alternative. Sulfur dioxide is a chemical adjuvant used for its antiseptic, antioxidasic and antioxidant properties. Faced with the societal demand (Pérès et al., 2018) and considering the proven human risks associated with the total doses of sulfur dioxide (SO2) present in food requirements (García‐Gavín et al., 2012), the reduction of this chemical input is undeniable.