Application of nitrogen forms such as nitrate, urea, and amino acids effects on leaf and berry physiology and wine quality

Recent decades have witnessed an evolving trend of diverse product types, improved quality, and green, low-carbon, and sustainable development in chinese wine market. A quality evaluation system, namely, with a dual orientation of “flavor compounds” and “sensory evaluation” is used as guidance for winemaking innovation in China.

Around the world, the alcohol content of wine has been steadily increasing; partly as a consequence of climate change, but also due to improvements in viticultural management practices and winemaking techniques [1,2]. Concurrently, market demand for wines with lower alcohol levels has increased as consumers seek to reduce alcohol intake for social and/or health reasons [3]. As such, there is increasing demand for both innovative methods that allow winemakers to produce ‘reduced alcohol wines’ (RAW) and a better understanding of the impact of such methods on the composition of RAW. This study therefore aimed to investigate compositional changes in two red wines resulting from partial alcohol removal following treatment by one such method, involving a combination of reverse osmosis and evaporative perstraction (RO-EP).

Galloylated flavan-3-ols are a class of polyphenolic compounds present in various plants, including grape seeds. These compounds are formed through the condensation of flavan-3-ols, such as catechins, although the precise mechanism by which gallic acid is incorporated into the molecule remains unclear.

PPhloem transport of assimilates provides the materials needed for the growth and development of reproductive structures, storage and developing organs, and has long been recognized as a major determinant in crop yield.

Two treatments were studied in vines of cv. Tempranillo blanco (Vitis vinifera L.) during the 2012-2018 period in an experimental plot located in Rincón de Soto (La Rioja, Spain). Rainfed treatment (R0) was compared with respect to an irrigation treatment (R2) equivalent to 30% of the crop evapotranspiration (ET0) from fruitset to harvest phenological stages. Pre-veraison irrigation ranged from 43 (2014) to 66 mm/m2 (2018) while post-veraison irrigation ranged from 37 (2017) to 115 mm/m2 (2012).The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was assessed by measures of reflectance, nutrients were determined by analysis of petioles sampled at veraison, grape production was determined at harvest as well as renewable wood weight was assessed at pruning time.