terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Physiological means to curb the enthusiasm of viruses from infecting grapevines  

Physiological means to curb the enthusiasm of viruses from infecting grapevines  

Abstract

The two most deadly viruses infecting and threatening the productivity of grapevines worldwide are leafroll and red blotch viruses. There is no cure for viral diseases other than roguing the symptomatic vines and replacing them with certified vines derived from clean, virus-tested stocks. 
Given that phloem plays a central role in virus infection, this study aimed to purge the virus by girdling the phloem of leafroll-infected vines at different phenological stages of infected grapevines. Phloem-girdling was performed on canes at veraison to varying regions between the proximal and distal clusters. The vines responded to gridling by forming a callus to bridge the gap and restore vascular functionality. The whole lamina of the leaves above the girdled region turned red due to anthocyanin accumulation triggered by sugars confined to the leaf. This reddening was quite different from the reddening that typically occurs in the leafroll-infected vines, wherein the whole lamina turned red except for the lamina close to the major and minor veins, giving the impression of green veins. The girdled canes showed a low virus concentration compared to the ungirdled canes. Also, the primary metabolites, such as sugars, acids, and nitrogenous compounds, and the secondary metabolites, such as flavanols (tannins), flavonols, and anthocyanins desired for making wine did not vary much between the girdled and ungirdled shoots. This study showed that by girdling the phloem over several growing seasons can reduce the virus load in the infected vines, restoring the vine’s health.

DOI:

Publication date: June 13, 2024

Issue: Open GPB 2024

Type: Poster

Authors

Bhaskar Bondada*

Washington State University Tri-Cities, Wine Science Center, Richland, WA, USA

Contact the author*

Keywords

Acids, Anthocyanins, callus, girdling, phenolics, phloem, sugars

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Open GPB | Open GPB 2024

Citation

Related articles…

A new graphical interface as a tool to integrate data from GC-MS and UPLC-MS-QTOF: new compounds related with port wine aging

Port wine value is related to its molecular profile resulting from the changes occurring during the ageing period. It is of empirical knowledge that the style is greatly affected by the oxidation regimens, i.e. bottle versus barrel storage

Characterization of various groups of pyranoanthocyanins in Merlot red wine

In red wines, anthocyanins evolve during the wine-making process and ageing. They react with other compounds (such as vinylphenols, acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid…) to form a stable family of compounds called pyranoanthocyanins. Furthermore, the oxidation process can modify the anthocyanic profile of a red wine. It is also interesting to evaluate the occurrence of the different subclasses of pyranoanthocyanins and to characterize their chemical properties. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of the different groups of pyranoanthocyanins in an oxidised Merlot wine by a centrifugal partition chromatography strategy. The second goal is to evaluate their relative impact in red wines from Bordeaux region by measuring their concentrations.

Understanding novel germplasm solutions: sensory, chemical and preliminary hedonic insights of wines made from Australian first-generation mildew resistant cultivars

One of the major issues for wine production in Australia is the management and eradication of powdery and downy mildews and the associated yield losses they present, costing Australian grape growers upwards of AUD$160M per annum [1].

The challenge of improving oenological quality in favorable conditions for productivity

Marselan (Cabernet-Sauvignon x Grenache), has been planted for more than 20 years now in Uruguay. Due to its good agronomic and oenological aptitudes under uruguayan conditions, it is currently the red variety with highest plantation rate. The objective of the study was to identify management practices, aimed at improving quality in highly productive vineyards, different fruit/leaf regulation methods were tested in southern Uruguay.

Do high temperature extremes impact berry tannin composition?

Flavonoids, including flavonols, anthocyanins, and tannins, are
important contributors to grape and wine quality, and their biosynthesis is strongly influenced by bunch microclimate. While the synergistic effect of light and temperature has been intensively examined on flavonoids in relation to bunch exposure, studies targeting the sole effect of high temperature have mostly
focused on anthocyanins during the ripening period. With tannin biosynthesis starting around flowering, heatwaves occurring earlier in the grape growing season could be critical. Only a few papers report the impact of temperature on tannin synthesis and accumulation; to date, none have examined the effect of high temperature extremes which, in the context of climate change, relates to increases in heatwave intensity.