OENO IVAS 2019 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OENO IVAS 9 OENO IVAS 2019 9 Analysis and composition of grapes, wines, wine spirits 9 Correlation between skin cell wall composition and phenolic extractability in Cabernet sauvignon wines

Correlation between skin cell wall composition and phenolic extractability in Cabernet sauvignon wines

Abstract

The phenolic component of red wine is responsible for important elements of flavor and mouthfeel, and thus quality of the finished wine. Additionally, many of these phenolics have been associated with health benefits such as reduction of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis and preventing Alzheimer’s disease. While the origins, concentrations, and chemistries of the phenolics in a finished red wine are well known, the fundamental mechanisms and kinetics of extraction of these phenolics from grape skins and seeds during red wine fermentation are poorly understood. This lack of knowledge regarding the extraction mechanisms of phenolics during red wine fermentation makes informed manipulations of the finished wine’s phenolic composition difficult. 

The skin cell walls of berries play a very important role during the winemaking process as they can form a barrier to release of important flavor compounds, and is a potential adsorption surface. Commercial wineries have observed that polyphenol extraction levels during winemaking may vary based on grape growing region and/or site. Cell wall composition may be one of the important factors influencing this relationship. 

In this work, phenolic extractability of Cabernet Sauvignon from two regions within California (Sonoma and Central Coast) has been studied. The study includes the analysis of phenolic berry composition, wine phenolic content as well as skin cell wall composition of three sites per region. Results showed that berry phenolic content is not directly related to the region were the grapes were grown. Within the same region, sites with high and low phenolic berry amounts were found. Regarding the wines, a relationship between region and phenolic content was found. Wines made from Central Coast grapes presented lower phenolic content than those from Sonoma. In order to understand the connection between wine phenolic content and extractability, skin cell wall material was characterized. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that cellulose and uronic acid content might influence the extractability of phenolics during fermentation.

DOI:

Publication date: June 23, 2020

Issue: OENO IVAS 2019

Type: Article

Authors

Cristina Medina Plaza, Nick Dokoozlian, Ravi Ponangi, Tom Blair, David Block, Anita Oberholster 

E&J Gallo Winery, 600 Yosemite Blvd, Modesto, CA 95354, USA 
Department of Chemical Engineering. University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA 
Department of Viticulture and Enology. University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA 

Contact the author

"> 

Keywords

Extractability, Cell wall, Phenolics, Red wine

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OENO IVAS 2019

Citation

Related articles…

Big data analysis of pesticides from the vine to the winery

Of biocontrol products and resistant grape varieties, synthetic pesticides are still widely used to control fungal diseases and protect vines from potential damage caused by pests. The use of pesticides is strictly regulated, and their use can sometimes lead to transfer from the grapes to the must and then into the wine. The study of pesticide residues in grapes and wines is commonly carried out by wine producers in order, among other things, to optimize treatment routes, check that products comply with regulations, and ultimately guarantee the food safety of the wine.
Read More

AOC valorization of terroir nuances at plot scale in Burgundy

In the highly competitive global wine market, Burgundy has a long-established reputation to maintain. The vine and wine sector in Burgundy is based on a five-level ranking of AOC (Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée) wines and of the plots where the grapes are grown.

Read More

Cover crop management and termination timing have different effects on the maturation and water potentials of Glera (Vitis vinifera L.) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Inter-row soil tillage in vineyards, stimulates vigor and production due to the absence of competition for water and nutrients, however negatively affects organic matter content, soil erosion, and compaction, resulting in reduced fertility. In this study, we investigated the effects of different cover crop management approaches, including cultivation type and termination timing, on the physiological and productive responses of a Glera vineyard.
The experimental trial was conducted in Precenicco (UD) from 2019 to 2021. A commercial mixture for autumn cover cropping was sown in alternating rows, and the sowing pattern was changed each year.

Read More

The adaptative capacity of a viticultural area (Valle Telesina, Southern Italy) to climate changes

The viticulture aiming at the production of high quality wine is very important for the landscape conservation, because it allows to combine high farmer income with soil conservation

Read More

White grape juice consumption reduce muscle damage parameters in combat athletes

Introduction and objective: the practice of physical exercises in an exhaustive way is related to damage. Muay thai (mt) is a high-intensity sport that demands agility, strength and power, which can lead to fatigue and muscle damage. Grape juice is rich in carbohydrates and antioxidants, which can delay the onset of fatigue and muscle damage. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of white grape juice consumption, during 14 days, on muscle damage parameters in tm athletes.

Read More