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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Le réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne : un dispositif unique au monde au service de la sauvegarde du patrimoine variétal

Le réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne : un dispositif unique au monde au service de la sauvegarde du patrimoine variétal

Résumé

Le réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne, créé en 2000, regroupe 40 structures, dont des Chambres d’Agriculture, Interprofessions et Instituts de recherche, autour de l’IFV et de l’INRAE. Il a pour missions la conservation, la sélection et l’innovation, en sauvegardant la diversité génétique des vignes à travers trois niveaux de conservation : le Centre de Ressources Génétiques Vigne de l’INRAE, le Conservatoire National de l’IFV et les Conservatoires Génétiques Régionaux.

Les conservatoires régionaux, essentiels pour préserver la diversité intravariétale des cépages largement diffusés, tout autant que les variétés locales menacées, suivent des protocoles stricts permettant de garantir autant que possible la santé des accessions. Les efforts de conservation permettent d’agréer de nouveaux clones et d’inscrire de nouvelles variétés au Catalogue des vignes cultivées en France, pour d’offrir cette diversité aux professionnels.

Le réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne est un modèle unique, jouant un rôle crucial dans la préservation de la viticulture mondiale en garantissant une diversité génétique essentielle pour l’avenir face aux défis climatiques et sanitaires.

The French vine selection partners network: a unique device in the world at the service of safeguarding varietal heritage

The French network of vine selection partners, established in the year 2000, brings together 40 organisations, including Chambers of Agriculture, Interprofessional Bodies, and Research Institutes, around the IFV (French Institute of Vine and Wine) and the INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment). Its missions are conservation, selection, and innovation, safeguarding the genetic diversity of vines through three levels of preservation: the INRAE Vine Genetic Resources Center, the IFV National Conservatory, and Regional Genetic Conservatories.

The regional conservatories, fundamental for preserving intravarietal diversity of widely spread grape variety as well as threatened local varieties, follow strict protocols to ensure the health of the accessions. Conservation efforts allow for the registration of new clones and new varieties in the Catalogue of cultivated grapevines in France and make this diversity available to professionals.

The French vine selection partners is a unique model, playing a crucial role in the preservation of global viticulture by ensuring essential genetic diversity for the future in the face of climatic and sanitary challenges.

La red francesa de socios de la selección de la vid (réseau français des partenaires de la sélection vigne): un mecanismo único para salvaguardar nuestro patrimonio varietal.

La red Francesa de partenaires de la sélection vigne se compone actualmente de 40 socios regionales, agrupados en torno al IFV (institut français de la vigne et du vin) y al INRAE (institut national de la recherche pour l’agriculture et l’environnement), cuya misión es conservar, seleccionar e innovar nuestra diversidad varietal.  La originalidad de este sistema se basa en una organización en 3 niveles: – la conservación de la diversidad varietal, cuya referencia mundial es el centro de recursos genéticos de la vid INRAE vassal-montpellier (marseillan), la mayor colección ampelográfica del mundo, que incluye cerca de 6.000 accesiones de vitis vinifera  cultivada procedentes de 54 países diferentes, así como portainjertos, híbridos interespecíficos, lambruscos y representantes de especies silvestres americanas y asiáticas. – la conservación de la diversidad intravarietal, con el conservatoire national du matériel inicial del IFV en el Domaine de l’Espiguette (le Grau-du-Roi), que incluye actualmente más de 4.000 clones, que representan 615 variedades de uva de vinificación, uva de mesa y portainjertos. – los conservatorios genéticos regionales, creados y gestionados por los socios, que incluyen actualmente más de 20.000 accesiones de vid en 189 conservatorios repartidos por toda francia. Este último nivel, muy regionalizado y extremadamente rico, será objeto de una presentación detallada. El objetivo es mostrar cómo se organiza el proceso y las normas comunes para la creación de estos conservatorios.  Se prestará especial atención a las realizaciones concretas, con algunos ejemplos y salidas prácticas para la conservación, las inscripciones en catálogos oficiales y la puesta a disposición de material vegetal clonal. En los últimos 20 años, con el apoyo financiero proporcionado por los derechos de autor de la marca ENTAV-INRA®, se han emprendido numerosas iniciativas para estructurar esta red.  Sin embargo, nada puede darse por descontado: las amenazas sanitarias y el envejecimiento de las parcelas son imponderables que a veces obligan a trasladar los conservatorios y a sanear las accesiones prometedoras mediante microinjertos de meristemas apicales. Por último, estos conservatorios hacen algo más que conservar y seleccionar. De hecho, para responder a determinadas demandas, los obtentores locales ponen estas selecciones diversas a disposición de los viveristas. ¿quién mejor que estos actores locales, acompañados de expertos ampelógrafos, para preservar la diversidad de nuestras variedades de uva? La réseau français des partenaires de la sélection es, por tanto, un eslabón esencial en la conservación de nuestro patrimonio genético varietal e intravarietal en Francia. Preservar nuestro patrimonio es esencial si queremos hacer frente a los retos del cambio climático y dejar a las generaciones futuras la mayor variedad posible de variedades.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Laurent Audeguin1, Sébastien Julliard2, Léa Garcin1, Olivier Yobrégat1

1 Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Domaine de l’Espiguette, 30240 Le Grau du Roi, France
2 Conservatoire du Vignoble Charentais, 12 route de l’ancien séminaire Cherves-Richemont, 16370 Val-de-Cognac, France

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Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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