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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 OIV ampelographic descriptors: reviewing process, digitalisation and editing the 3rd edition

OIV ampelographic descriptors: reviewing process, digitalisation and editing the 3rd edition

Abstract

Ampelography is aimed at describing the vine according to several characteristics, such as morphology, agronomic aptitudes, technological potential, and genetics. The description of varieties and species of vitis has long been the subject of numerous scientific and technical studies by eminent specialists for a long time, which have led the oiv to publish in 1983 the “descriptor list for grape varieties and vitis species”, a milestone among the oiv worldwide recognised codes. A completely revised 2nd edition of the oiv ampelographic descriptors was published in 2007 by confirming it as a recommended standard for the management of grapevine genetic resources, serving as reference tool for both grapevine breeders and scientists. In 2016, the oiv genet experts’ group started a new process of revision by: (i) eliminating insignificant characters and inserting new descriptors, (ii) reviewing and harmonizing the reference varieties and the levels of expression; (iii) optimizing the ranges of quantitative characters; (iv) defining a new format for the code; (v) creating a digital database that allows to manage, update and disseminate this scientific work; (vi) translating the publication into all the official oiv languages.  To these purposes an ad-hoc working group was designated by involving experts in ampelography into five consecutive rounds of consultation, which have allowed to (i) confirm 70 pre-existent descriptors; (ii) modify 79 pre-existent descriptors; (iii) and establish 27 new descriptors. The amendments have mainly concerned the reference varieties, the levels of expression and the definitions of the modified descriptors. The new descriptors are related to ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics, to the resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and to further ssr-markers, which have proved to be an extremely useful tool for grapevine identification and parentage analysis.  Based on this significant work of revision, the 21th oiv general assembly, hold in jerez (spain) in 2023, adopted the resolution oiv-viti 702-2023, aimed at the publication of the “3rd edition of the descriptor list for grape varieties and vitis species”. The revision process is completed by updating the introduction of the previous edition and by approving three new annexes: (i) a table correlating the oiv codes with the ones of the upov and the bioversity international descriptors; (ii) a table listing the reference varieties per level of expression and per descriptor; (iii) a table listing the grapevine pests and diseases, and synonyms. Furthermore, a new format is applied to the 176 ampelographic descriptors, by including russian language among the other oiv official languages, and by replacing old drawings with modern illustrations. Finally, the launch of the new “ampelographic descriptor database” on the oiv website, enhance the free access to the descriptors, as well as their quick implementation with pictures and additional information provided by the oiv ampelographers.

Descrittori ampelografici dell’OIV: processo di revisione, digitalizzazione e redazione della 3a edizione

L’ampelografia ha lo scopo di descrivere la vite secondo diverse caratteristiche, quali la morfologia, le attitudini agronomiche, il potenziale tecnologico e la genetica. La descrizione delle varietà e delle specie di vitis è da tempo oggetto di numerosi studi scientifici e tecnici da parte di eminenti specialisti, che hanno portato l’oiv a pubblicare nel 1983 la “lista dei descrittori delle varietà di vite e delle specie di vitis”, una pietra miliare tra i codici oiv riconosciuti a livello mondiale. Nel 2007 è stata pubblicata una seconda edizione completamente rivista dei descrittori ampelografici dell’oiv, confermandoli come standard raccomandato per la gestione delle risorse genetiche della vite e fungendo da strumento di riferimento sia per i selezionatori che per gli scienziati della vite. Nel 2016, il gruppo di esperti oiv genet ha avviato un nuovo processo di revisione: (i) eliminando caratteri insignificanti e inserendo nuovi descrittori, (ii) rivedendo e armonizzando le varietà di riferimento e i livelli di espressione; (iii) ottimizzare gli intervalli di caratteri quantitativi; (iv) la definizione di un nuovo formato per il codice; (v) la creazione di un database digitale che consenta di gestire, aggiornare e diffondere questo lavoro scientifico; (vi) tradurre la pubblicazione in tutte le lingue ufficiali dell’oiv. A questi scopi è stato designato un gruppo di lavoro ad hoc che ha coinvolto esperti di ampelografia in cinque turni di consultazione consecutivi, che hanno consentito di (i) confermare 70 descrittori preesistenti; (ii) modificare 79 descrittori preesistenti; (iii) e stabilire 27 nuovi descrittori. Le modifiche hanno riguardato principalmente le varietà di riferimento, i livelli di espressione e le definizioni dei descrittori modificati. I nuovi descrittori sono legati alle caratteristiche ampelografiche e ampelometriche, alla resistenza a fattori biotici e abiotici e ad ulteriori marcatori ssr, che si sono rivelati uno strumento estremamente utile per l’identificazione della vite e l’analisi della parentela. Sulla base di questo significativo lavoro di revisione, la 21a assemblea generale dell’oiv, tenutasi a jerez (spagna) nel 2023, ha adottato la risoluzione oiv-viti 702-2023, finalizzata alla pubblicazione della “3a edizione dell’elenco dei descrittori delle varietà di vite e specie vitis”. Il processo di revisione si completa aggiornando l’introduzione della precedente edizione e approvando tre nuovi allegati: (i) una tabella che correla i codici oiv con quelli dell’upov e dei descrittori bioversity international; (ii) una tabella che elenca le varietà di riferimento per livello di espressione e per descrittore; (iii) una tabella che elenca i parassiti e le malattie della vite e i loro sinonimi. Inoltre, ai 176 descrittori ampelografici viene applicato un nuovo formato, inserendo la lingua russa tra le altre lingue ufficiali dell’oiv e sostituendo i vecchi disegni con illustrazioni moderne. Infine, il lancio del nuovo “database dei descrittori ampelografici” sul sito web dell’oiv, migliora l’accesso gratuito ai descrittori, nonché la loro rapida implementazione con immagini e informazioni aggiuntive fornite dagli ampelografi dell’OIV.

Descripteurs ampélographiques de l’OIV : processus de révision, numérisation et édition de la 3e edition

L’ampélographie vise à décrire la vigne selon plusieurs caractéristiques, telles que la morphologie, les aptitudes agronomiques, le potentiel technologique et la génétique. La description des variétés et espèces de vitis a fait depuis longtemps l’objet de nombreuses études scientifiques et techniques par d’éminents spécialistes, qui ont conduit l’oiv à publier en 1983 la « liste de descripteurs des cépages et des espèces de vitis », une étape marquante. Parmi les codes oiv mondialement reconnus. Une 2e édition entièrement révisée des descripteurs ampélographiques de l’oiv a été publiée en 2007, les confirmant comme une norme recommandée pour la gestion des ressources génétiques de la vigne, servant d’outil de référence tant aux sélectionneurs de vigne qu’aux scientifiques. En 2016, le groupe d’experts de l’oiv genet a entamé un nouveau processus de révision en : (i) supprimant les caractères non significatifs et en insérant de nouveaux descripteurs, (ii) révisant et harmonisant les variétés de référence et les niveaux d’expression ; (iii) optimiser les plages de caractères quantitatifs ; (iv) définir un nouveau format pour le code ; (v) créer une base de données numérique permettant de gérer, mettre à jour et diffuser ces travaux scientifiques ; (vi) traduire la publication dans toutes les langues officielles de l’oiv. A ces fins, un groupe de travail ad hoc a été désigné en impliquant des experts en ampélographie dans cinq cycles de consultation consécutifs, qui ont permis de (i) confirmer 70 descripteurs préexistants ; (ii) modifier 79 descripteurs préexistants ; (iii) et établir 27 nouveaux descripteurs. Les modifications ont principalement concerné les variétés de référence, les niveaux d’expression et les définitions des descripteurs modifiés. Les nouveaux descripteurs sont liés aux caractéristiques ampélographiques et ampélométriques, à la résistance aux facteurs biotiques et abiotiques, ainsi qu’à d’autres marqueurs ssr, qui se sont révélés être un outil extrêmement utile pour l’identification de la vigne et l’analyse de la filiation. Sur la base de cet important travail de révision, la 21ème assemblée générale de l’oiv, tenue à jerez (espagne) en 2023, a adopté la résolution oiv-viti 702-2023, visant la publication de la « 3ème édition de la liste descriptive des cépages et espèce vitis ». Le processus de révision est complété par la mise à jour de l’introduction de l’édition précédente et par l’approbation de trois nouvelles annexes : (i) un tableau corrélant les codes oiv avec ceux de l’upov et des descripteurs de bioversity international ; (ii) un tableau listant les variétés de référence par niveau d’expression et par descripteur ; (iii) un tableau listant les ravageurs et maladies de la vigne, ainsi que leurs synonymes. Par ailleurs, un nouveau format est appliqué aux 176 descripteurs ampélographiques, en incluant la langue russe parmi les autres langues officielles de l’oiv, et en remplaçant les anciens dessins par des illustrations modernes. Enfin, le lancement de la nouvelle « base de données des descripteurs ampélographiques » sur le site internet de l’oiv, renforce l’accès gratuit aux descripteurs, ainsi que leur mise en œuvre rapide avec des images et des informations complémentaires fournies par les ampélographes de l’OIV.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Thierry Lacombe¹, Luigi Bavaresco², Roberto Carraro³, Jorge Cunha⁴, Erika Maul⁵, Gregorio Muñoz⁶, Franco Roeckel⁵, Carlo Bergamini³, Ludger Hausmann⁵, Javier Ibánez⁷, Valerie Laucou⁸, Paula Filomena Martins Lopes⁹, Silvia Vezzulli¹⁰, Pau Roca¹¹, Jean-Claude Ruf¹¹, Alejandro Fuentes Espinoza¹¹, Nikolay Chashchinov¹², Enrico Battiston¹¹, Pablo Carbonell Bejerano⁷

¹ Institut Sup Agro Montpellier – France
² Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Piacenza – Italy
³ CREA VE – Italy
⁴ INIAV – Portugal
⁵ JKI (Julius Kühn-Institut) – Germany
⁶ IMIDRA – Spain
⁷ ICVV (Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino) – Spain
⁸ INRAE – France
⁹ UTAD (Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro) – Portugal
¹⁰ Fondazione Mach – Italy
¹¹ OIV (Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin) – France
¹² Hochschule Geisenheim University / OIV – Germany

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Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

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