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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Orals - Viticulture, table grapes, dried grapes and unfermented grape products 9 Big data analysis of pesticides from the vine to the winery

Big data analysis of pesticides from the vine to the winery

Abstract

Of biocontrol products and resistant grape varieties, synthetic pesticides are still widely used to control fungal diseases and protect vines from potential damage caused by pests. The use of pesticides is strictly regulated, and their use can sometimes lead to transfer from the grapes to the must and then into the wine. The study of pesticide residues in grapes and wines is commonly carried out by wine producers in order, among other things, to optimize treatment routes, check that products comply with regulations, and ultimately guarantee the food safety of the wine. These analyses are carried out by accredited analysis laboratories, which now have a substantial database covering several vintages and geographical areas.  The aim of the study was to draw up a picture of the presence of pesticides in grapes and wines, based on the analysis of over 180 molecules in more than 4,000 samples. Across all geographical regions, around 25% of the molecules tested were detected in the grapes. Of the compounds found, ~70% were fungicides and ~30% insecticides. Herbicides are only very rarely observed. Copper, sulphur, anti-mildew fungicides such as aluminium fosetyl, folpet and their transformation products are the compounds most frequently detected in grapes. A significant reduction in pesticide residues was observed between those detected in the grapes and those present in the wine. Over 70% of the wines analyzed contained less than 3 substances (excluding copper and phosphonic acid). The analyses revealed that the most recurrent molecules in the wines were copper, fosetyl-al and its transformation product phosphonic acid, fluopicolide, dimethomorph, and the transformation product of folpet, phthalimide. As folpet is rapidly degraded, it is not detected in the wines. In terms of concentration, the values observed in the grapes are usually well below the maximum residue limits set for wine grapes by eu regulation no. 396/2005. They are generally less than one mg/kg (except for sulphur, folpel and phosphonic acid). Most of the pesticides detected in wines are traces. When residues are observed, concentrations average around ten µg/kg. The occurrences and concentrations observed for all the molecules vary according to vintage and geographical area. They reflect the cryptogamic pressure of the year and the region, as well as changes in practices, knowledge of products traced from the vine to the winery and regulations on the pesticides used.

Analisi dei big data dei prodotti fitosanitari dalla vite alla cantina

Nonostante l’avvento dei prodotti di biocontrollo e delle varietà di uva resistenti, i prodotti fitosanitari di sintesi sono ancora ampiamente utilizzati per controllare le malattie fungine e proteggere le viti dai potenziali danni causati dai parassiti. L’uso dei prodotti fitosanitari è strettamente regolamentato e il loro impiego può talvolta portare al loro trasferimento dall’uva al mosto e quindi al vino. Lo studio dei residui di pesticidi nell’uva e nei vini è comunemente effettuato dagli operatori del settore, tra l’altro per ottimizzare i percorsi di trattamento, verificare la conformità dei prodotti alle normative e, in ultima analisi, garantire la sicurezza alimentare del vino. Questi controlli vengono effettuati da laboratori di analisi accreditati, che oggi dispongono di un’ampia banca dati che copre diverse annate e aree geografiche. L’obiettivo dello studio era quello di tracciare un quadro della presenza di prodotti fitosanitari nell’uva e nei vini, basandosi sull’analisi di più di 180 molecole in oltre 4.000 campioni. In tutte le regioni geografiche, circa il 25% delle molecole ricercate è stato rilevato nelle uve. Dei composti trovati, circa il 70% sono fungicidi e circa il 30% insetticidi. Gli erbicidi sono stati osservati solo molto raramente. Il rame, lo zolfo, i fungicidi antimuffa come l’alluminio fosetil, il folpel e i loro prodotti di trasformazione sono i composti più frequentemente rilevati nell’uva. E stata osservata una significativa riduzione dei residui di pesticidi tra quelli rilevati nelle uve e quelli presenti nel vino. Oltre il 70% dei vini analizzati conteneva meno di 3 sostanze (esclusi rame e acido fosfonico). Le analisi hanno rivelato che le molecole più ricorrenti nei vini erano il rame, il fosetil-al e il suo prodotto di trasformazione acido fosfonico, il fluopicolide, il dimetomorf e il prodotto di trasformazione del folpet, la ftalimmide. Poiché il folpet viene rapidamente degradato, non viene rilevato nei vini. In termini di concentrazione, i valori osservati nelle uve sono generalmente ben al di sotto dei limiti massimi di residui stabiliti per le uve da vino dal regolamento ue n. 396/2005. In genere sono inferiori a un mg/kg (tranne che per lo zolfo, il folpel e l’acido fosfonico). La maggior parte dei prodotti fitosanitari rilevati nei vini sono in tracce. Quando sono stati osservati dei residui, le concentrazioni erano in media di circa dieci µg/kg. Le presenze e le concentrazioni osservate per tutte le molecole variano a seconda dell’annata e dell’area geografica. Esse riflettono la pressione crittogamica dell’annata e della regione, nonché i cambiamenti nelle pratiche, la conoscenza dei prodotti tracciati dalla vite alla cantina e le normative sui pesticidi utilizzati.

Analyse big data des produits phytosanitaires de la vigne au chai

Malgré l’arrivée dans le domaine viticole de produits de biocontrôle et de cépages résistants, les produits phytosanitaires de synthèse sont aujourd’hui encore largement utilisés pour contrôler les maladies cryptogamiques et protéger la vigne des dommages potentiels causés par les ravageurs. L’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires est strictement réglementée et leur emploi peut parfois conduire à un transfert des raisins vers le moût puis dans le vin. L’étude des résidus de pesticides dans les raisins et les vins est couramment réalisée par les acteurs de la filière afin entre autres, d’optimiser les itinéraires de traitement, contrôler la conformité des produits vis-à-vis de la réglementation, et garantir in fine la sécurité alimentaire du vin. Ces contrôles réalisés au sein de laboratoires d’analyse accrédités permettent aujourd’hui de disposer d’une base de données conséquente regroupant plusieurs millésimes et plusieurs zones géographiques.  L’objectif de l’étude a été de dresser un tableau sur la présence des produits phytosanitaires dans les raisins et vins en s’appuyant sur l’analyse de plus de 180 molécules dans plus de 4 000 échantillons. Il est observé, toutes régions géographiques confondues, qu’environ 25% des molécules recherchées sont détectées dans les raisins. Les composés retrouvés sont à ~70% des fongicides et ~30% des insecticides. Les herbicides ne sont que très rarement observés. Le cuivre, le soufre, les fongicides anti-mildiou tels que le fosétyl d’aluminium, le folpel et leurs produits de transformation sont les composés les plus fréquemment détectés dans les raisins. Un abattement important des pesticides est constaté entre les résidus détectés dans les raisins et ceux présents dans les vins. Plus de 70 % des vins analysés contiennent moins de 3 substances (hors cuivre et acide phosphonique). Les analyses révèlent que les molécules les plus récurrentes dans les vins, sont le cuivre, le fosétyl-al et son produit de transformation l’acide phosphonique, le fluopicolide, le diméthomorphe et le produit de transformation du folpel, le phtalimide. Le folpel étant rapidement dégradé, il n’est pas détecté dans les vins. En termes de concentration, les valeurs observées dans les raisins sont habituellement bien en dessous des limites maximales de résidus fixées pour les raisins de cuve par le règlement ue n°396/2005. Elles sont généralement inférieures au mg/kg (excepté pour le soufre, le folpel et l’acide phosphonique). Dans les vins, les produits phytosanitaires détectés sont majoritairement à l’état de traces. Lorsque des résidus sont observés les concentrations sont en moyenne de l’ordre de la dizaine de µg/kg. Les occurrences et les concentrations observées pour l’ensemble des molécules sont variables selon les millésimes et les zones géographiques. Elles reflètent à la fois la pression cryptogamique de l’année et de la région, l’évolution des pratiques, des connaissances sur les produits traçants de la vigne au chai et de la réglementation sur les pesticides utilisés.

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Caroline Gardia-Parege¹, Amanda Diaz¹, Anna Le Boulch¹, Tommaso Nicolato¹, Vincent Renouf¹

¹ Laboratoire Excell – Rue Aristide Bergès, Floirac, France

Contact the author*

Tags

IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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