terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Sensory study of potential kokumi compounds in wine 

Sensory study of potential kokumi compounds in wine 

Abstract

Kokumi is a complex flavour sensation enhancing mouthfeel and continuity in various foods, but its role in wine remains unexplored. This study investigates the putative kokumi sensory effects of Glycyl-l-Valine (Gly-Val), a dipeptide identified in sparkling wines with other oligopeptides. Trained panellists evaluated the impact of Gly-Val in model wine (MW), white wine (WW), and sparkling base wine (SBW) using triangle tests (T), three alternative forced choice test (3-AFC) and descriptive analysis with relative reference scaling (DA with RR scaling). In T the odd sample with Gly-Val was correctly identified only at the highest concentration (120 mg/L) in MW, while at lower concentrations in WW (15-60 mg/L) and SBW (30-90 mg/L). Detection thresholds of Gly-Val, estimated by 3-AFC, ranged from 15 to 60 mg/L in WW, while no threshold was determined in MW. These results show that Gly-Val is more discernible in complex wine matrices compared to model wine. No significant variations (α≥0.05) were found in the DA with RR scaling, but descriptors trends suggest that Gly-Val may enhance smoothness, mouthfeel and kokumi at lower concentrations. These findings suggest that the kokumi dimension in wine needs further exploration, with Gly-Val identified as a potential kokumi-active compound requiring more sensory research.

Étude sensorielle des composés potentiels du kokumi dans le vin

Le kokumi est une sensation complexe perçue comme une palatabilité accrue. Sous l’influence des substances de kokumi, les aliments/boissons deviennent plus savoureux avec une intensité, une persistence, une continuité, une richesse, une harmonie et une augmentation de l’intensité accrus, qui sont les six caractéristiques liées correspondant au concept sensoriel du kokumi (yamamoto & inui-yamamoto 2023). Les peptides kokumi-actifs sont présents dans de nombreuses denrées alimentaires et plus particulièrement dans celles qui sont fermentées en raison des oligopeptides dérivés des levures. Les peptides kokumi identifiés à partir d’extraits de levure ont montré différents pouvoirs sensoriels testés par une approche sensomique : cinq dipeptides leucylés, des dipeptides γ-glutamylés et le glutathion kokumi-actif bien connu (liu et al 2015 ; ueda & kuroda 1997) qui est un tripeptide (γ-glu-cys-gly) également présent dans le raisin et le vin.  Le vin est probablement le produit fermenté pour lequel les caractéristiques sensorielles représentent l’une des principales caractéristiques de qualité qui déterminent l’appréciation et l’achat. Parmi les vins les plus connus dans le monde, les vins mousseux produits selon la méthode champenoise impliquent une seconde fermentation du vin de base en bouteille, suivie d’un vieillissement au contact des lies de levure. Malgré ces prémisses, la présence et l’impact sensoriel des substances de kokumi dans le vin ont été peu étudiés. Il a été dit que le kokumi du vin est habituellement exprimé par le terme « corps » (nishimura & kuroda 2019), mais aucune preuve n’a été rapportée et la dimension sensorielle du kokumi dans le vin est actuellement inconnue.   Cette lacune dans les connaissances a été abordée dans une série d’expérimentations sensorielles explorant l’impact sensoriel de nouveaux oligopeptides potentiels de kokumi détectés dans le vin. Un panel de 25 juges a été formé à la discrimination, à la reconnaissance et à la description des sensations de kokumi à la fois dans des matrices de vins modèles et dans des matrices de vins réels.  

Studio sensoriale di potenziali composti kokumi nel vino

Il kokumi è una sensazione complessa percepita come una maggiore appetibilità. Sotto l’influenza di sostanze kokumi, i gusti degli alimenti e delle bevande diventano più saporiti e caratterizzati da una maggiore intensità, persistenza, continuità, ricchezza, armonia e incremento di intensità, che sono le sei caratteristiche correlate corrispondenti al concetto sensoriale di kokumi (yamamoto & inui-yamamoto 2023). I peptidi kokumi-attivi sono distribuiti in molti alimenti e sono rilevanti in quelli fermentati grazie agli oligopeptidi derivati dai lieviti. I peptidi kokumi identificati dall’estratto di lievito hanno mostrato un diverso potere sensoriale, testato con l’approccio sensomico: cinque dipeptidi leucitici, dipeptidi γ-glutamilici e il ben noto glutatione kokumi-attivo (liu et al 2015; ueda & kuroda 1997) che è un tripeptide (γ-glu-cys-gly) presente anche nell’uva e nel vino.  Il vino è probabilmente la bevanda fermentata per la quale le caratteristiche sensoriali rappresentano una delle principali caratteristiche qualitative che ne determinano l’apprezzamento e l’acquisto. Tra i vini più conosciuti al mondo, gli spumanti prodotti con il metodo champenoise, prevedono una seconda fermentazione del vino base in bottiglia seguita da un affinamento a contatto con le fecce di lievito. Nonostante queste premesse, la presenza e l’impatto sensoriale delle sostanze kokumi nel vino sono stati poco esplorati. E stato affermato che il kokumi per il vino è abitualmente espresso come “corpo” (nishimura & kuroda 2019), ma non sono ancora riportate evidenze e la dimensione sensoriale del kokumi nel vino è attualmente sconosciuta. Questa lacuna di conoscenza è stata affrontata in una serie di esperimenti sensoriali che hanno esplorato l’impatto sensoriale di nuovi potenziali oligopeptidi kokumi rilevati nel vino. Un panel di 25 giudici è stato addestrato a discriminare, riconoscere e descrivere le sensazioni di kokumi sia in matrici di vino modello che reali.   

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Paola Piombino¹, Elisabetta Pittari¹, Daniele Perenzoni², Luigi Moio¹, Fulvio Mattivi³

¹ University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Science, Division of Vine and Wine Sciences, Italy
² Fondazione Edmund Mach – CRI, Italy
³ University of Trento, Italy

Contact the author*

Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

Related articles…

What drives Indications of Geographical Origin protection and governance mechanisms in the U.S. and European contexts? A contribution of the social sciences

There are fundamentally two different ways in which indications of geographical origin (igos) can be protected. The us approach favors the pre-existing trademark system through collective marks (cms), while the eu approach favors a maximalist approach via a sui generis system which promotes appellations of origin (aos). A consensus however emerges regarding the fundamental protection of origin against misleading, confusing and dilutive uses. Previous literature discusses these competing igo logics from historical, legal and international trade perspectives. In this paper, we depart from the field of social sciences, in particular from recent advancements in the well-established literature on proximities, in order to provide a reflection on the different logics underpinning the aos and cms systems.

Challenges and opportunities for increasing organic carbon in vineyard soils: perspectives of extension specialists

Context description and research question: an increasing number of farmers are considering the impact of conservation practices on soil health to guide sustainable management of vineyards. Understanding impacts of soil management on soil organic carbon (SOC) is one lever for adoption of agroecological practice with potential to help maintain or improve soil health while building SOC stocks to mitigate climate change (Amelung et al., 2020).

Energy optimization of the Charmat-Martinotti refermentation process

The european union has estimated that energy consumption for wine production is about 1,750 million kwh per year, of which 500 million kwh is attributable to italy. In recent years, Italy has emerged as the world’s leading wine producer with about 50 million hectoliters per year. About 20 percent (9.8 million hectoliters) of Italian wine is marketed after refermentation according to the Charmat-Martinotti method.

Hyperspectral imaging for precision viticulture

Precision viticulture aims to optimize vineyard management by monitoring and responding to variability within vine plots. this work presents a comprehensive study on the application of hyperspectral imaging (hsi) technology for monitoring purposes in precision viticulture. authors explore the deployment of hsi sensors on various platforms including laboratory settings, terrestrial vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles, facilitating the collection of high-resolution data across extensive vineyard areas.

Evaluation of intravarietal variability and selection for tolerance to downy mildew: The case of Antão Vaz variety in Portugal 

Antão Vaz is a Portuguese white grapevine variety grown mainly in the wine-growing regions of Southern Portugal, particularly in the Alentejo, Lisbon and Setúbal peninsula regions. It is a very vigorous and productive variety, giving the wines a strong identity. It needs heat and sunlight and prefers deep and dry soils, which makes it tolerant to scald caused by the high summer temperatures of Southern Portugal. However, this variety is very susceptible to downy mildew, caused by plasmopara viticola, a very destructive disease in years with rainy springs.