The wine production is an important activity in many Ibero-American countries. The wine producer regions of these countries configure a large use of different climate types and viticultural climates. In a vitivinicultural zoning project of CYTED (Ibero-American Program for Science, Technology and Development), a viticultural climatic characterization was done in this macro viticultural region. The project have assembled a climatic database that characterizes the viticultural regions, including relevant variables for viticulture: air temperature (mean, maximum, and minimum), precipitation, relative humidity, solar radiation, number of sunshine hours, wind speed, and evapotranspiration. Using indices of the Geoviticulture MCC System (HI, CI and DI), more than 70 viticultural regions in different countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Portugal and Uruguay) were characterized according to its viticultural climatic. The results, which will be integrated to the worldwide database of the MCC System, showed that the Ibero-American viticulture is placed in a wide range of climatic groups of the wine producing regions around the world. This article presents the climatic groups found in Ibero-America, identifying also some new climatic groups not yet found in other regions of the world. This work also identifies some climatic groups not found in Ibero-America viticulture. The research has also highlighted viticultural areas characterized by climates with “intra-annual climatic variability”, with the potential to produce more than one growing cycle per year. The results allow to conclude that the wide variability and climatic diversity present in Ibero-America may be one of the reasons to explain the diversity in terms of wine types, sensorial characteristics, typicity and uniqueness of wines produced on this macro-region.
Authors: Jorge TONIETTO (1), Vicente SOTÉS RUIZ (2), Carlo MONTES (3), Ernesto MARTÍN ULIARTE (4), Luis ANTELO BRUNO (5), Pedro CLÍMACO (6), Yenia PÉREZ ACEVEDO (7), César VALENZUELA-SOLANO (8), Beatriz HATTA SAKODA (9), Alain CARBONNEAU (10)
(1) EMBRAPA Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515 – 95700-000 – Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
(2) UPM – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
(3) CEAZA – Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Chile
(4) INTA – EEA Mendoza, Argentina
(5) PFCUVS-FAUTAPO, Desarrollo de Mercados, Bolivia
(6) Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, I.P., INIA – Dois Portos, Portugal
(7) Instituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical, Cuba
(8) Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias – INIFAP, México
(9) Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru
(10) AGRO Montpellier, France
Email: tonietto@cnpuv.embrapa.br
Keywords: viticultural climate, MCC System, Ibero-American countries, climatic groups