Classification of viticulture and associated environment by digital processing of orbital images in the “Campanha” wine region, Brazil

Abstract

In the “Campanha” wine region, viticulture occurs under diverse geomorphology, soil and land use. In the “Rosário do Sul” sector, the “Depressão Rio Ibicuí” predominates (62.50%), formed by smooth hills on sedimentary terraces (Paleozoic), islands of hills composed by sandstone and volcanic rocks (Mesozoic) and plain of the “Santa Maria” River basin (37.50%) with alluvial sediments and sandy-clay colluvium (Quaternary). The vineyards are located on fluvial and Eolic Paleozoic sandstones (“Pirambóia” Formation). The vineyard terrains have convex forms, with homogeneous or differential dissection process and their altitude varies between 120 and 175m a.s.l. The objective of this study was to classify viticulture and its environment by supervised classification of RapidEye images (5m spatial resolution and 5 bands (visible/infrared). First, the classes were identified in the field, after in Google Earth and by image in the ENVI 5.2 program. Twelve maps of viticulture were produced and in this study, the “Rosário do Sul” map was presented, including uses such as water, flooded area, field, native forest, reforestation, urban area, exposed soil, agriculture, fruit growing and vineyards. As a result, viticulture was well classified by the chosen method, producing a map that indicates where the viticulture can be expanded (sedimentary terrace), affecting less the environment, such as alluvial plains, that are subject by flood events, inadequate terrains for viticulture.