Effects of cultivation methods on fungal and nematode communities in grape rhizosphere

Abstract

Through the damage of nematodes plant pathogenic funguses contribute to the final devastation of the grape in enhanced extent. We set it as an objective to examine the density and rate of fungi and nematodes of three vineyards thatonly differ in the cultivation methods applied on them which are Intensive, Extensive and None. We determined by our studies, the level of root fungi colonization is the highest in the extensively managed vineyard unrelated to season. From the five most abundant fungi genus which are detectable in all the three vineyards four are registered as opportunist grape pathogen, however the fifth one is the Trichoderma which strain is commonly used in biological plant protection. In accordance with our expectations, the diversity of fungal communities in grape rhizosphere was lower at the intensively cultivated vineyard, and the proportion of the opportunist plant pathogen groups was higher, therefore we can conclude that the soil which is disturbed by intensive cultivation methods has a lower level of suppressivity. The density of nematodesdependent of the cultivation method and season showed substantial differences, in spring in the intensively cultivated soil we found minimal number of them. We can conclude by our results that these grape pathogen pests are present in our soils irrespective of the cultivation method. The reproduction of nematodes is expected to happen in the second part of the vegetation period of the grape and they are present in higher density in non-disturbed soils.