Macrowine 2021
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Improvement of non-Saccharomyces yeast dominance during must fermentation by using spontaneous mutants resistant to SO2, EtOH and high pressure of CO2

Improvement of non-Saccharomyces yeast dominance during must fermentation by using spontaneous mutants resistant to SO2, EtOH and high pressure of CO2

Abstract

AIM: A genetic study of four wine T. delbrueckii strains was done. Spore clones free of possible recessive growth‐retarding alleles with enhanced resistance to winemaking stressing conditions were obtained from these yeasts.

METHODS: The genetic marker of resistance to cycloheximide (cyhR) allows easy monitoring of the new mutants obtained from these yeasts. Identity of the high pressure resistant (HPR) mutants was verified by analysis of cell morphology, killer phenotype, cyhR marker, presence of viral dsRNA, RFLPs of mtDNA, and sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer ofribosomal DNA (ITS).

RESULTS: T. Delbrueckii mutants were isolated from some spore clones. Papillae resistant to SO2 were isolated. Subsequently, new spontaneous mutants capable of growing on YEPD plates with 10% ethanol were isolated. Rosé sparkling wine (cava) was made using these mutants. Two mutants, with the best fermentation kinetics and closest to the reference yeast Sc 85R4, were isolated from some bottles with high CO2 pressure and some were selected there after (Td MutHP41 and Td MutHP42). They had better fermentation kinetics and dominance than their parental yeast. Td MutHP41 showed great improvement for industrial base wine fermentation with respect to its parental yeast. Re-isolation and selection procedure to obtain new reinforced HPR mutants from previously selected HPR mutants was not a sound strategy to continue improving the fermentative capability of T. delbrueckii under high CO2 pressure. Continuous shaking during inocula preparation further improved the fermentative capability of T. delbrueckii yeasts.

CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of spontaneous mutants resistant to SO2 and ethanol seems to be a good strategy to slightly improve the fermentative efficiency of T. delbrueckii in must and base wine. The new mutants were genetically stable enough to be considered for industrial production, and their fermentative capability was further improved by continuously supplying oxygen during the conditioning stage before yeast culture inoculation in base wine.

DOI:

Publication date: September 10, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Alberto Martínez Brígido 1, Rocío Velázquez 1, Joaquín Bautista-Gallego 1, Emiliano Zamora 2, Manuel Ramírez 1

1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
2 Estación Enológica, Junta de Extremadura. 

Contact the author

Keywords

Torulaspora delbrueckii; wine fermentation, sporeclone; sparkling wine; ethanol resistance; SO2 resistance; pressure resistance

Citation

Related articles…

Exploring high throughput secondary trait phenomics to improve grapevine breeding

Modern grapevine breeding programs have overcome many challenges using genomic selection, which has allowed breeders to make targeted selections at earlier stages in the breeding process. However, the cost of genetic testing may present a burden for some programs, and markers often struggle to accurately predict quantitative traits. Recent advances in high throughput, high-dimensional data have provoked investigation into the use of high-dimensional phenomics as a low-cost addition to the grape breeder’s toolkit that may offer advantages in predicting quantitative traits. High-dimensional secondary trait (HDST) data has been employed in annual crops for prediction of agriculturally important traits such as yield.

Read More

Key odorants of french syrah wines from the northern rhone valley

Little research has been undertaken to investigate the main contributors to the aroma of Syrah wines from the cool northern part of the Rhone valley despite the historical importance of this cultivar for this wine region. The aim of the present work was to study the key odorants of Crozes-Hermitage wines made

Read More

Comparison of integrated, organic and biodynamic viticultural practices

In this video recording of the IVES science meeting 2021, Johanna Döring (Hochschule Geisenheim University Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim, Germany) speaks about the comparison of integrated, organic and biodynamic viticultural practices. This presentation is based on an original article accessible for free on OENO One.

Read More

Phenolic extraction during fermentation as affected by ripeness level of Syrah/R99 grapes

L’extraction phénolique au cours de la fermentation à partir de vendanges de différents degrees de maturité du cépage Syrah/R99 a été etudiée. Cette travail fait parti d’un projet focalisé sur la qualité du raisin et des vins obtenus au cours du millésime 2002. Les vignes sont situées à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud) sur un sol Glenrose

Read More

The Hungarian system of geographical indications and the preparation of product specifications

Following the 2008-2009 reform of the European Union’s common market organisation in wine all protected designations of origin and geographical indications were imposed to prepare a product specification that described the conditions of their use. In this paper, we describe this process and the Hungarian system of geographical indications.

Read More