 IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Yeast derivatives: a promising alternative in wine oxidation prevention?

Yeast derivatives: a promising alternative in wine oxidation prevention?

Abstract

AIM: Oxidation processes constitute a main problem in winemaking. Oxidation result in color browning and varietal aroma loss, which are key attributes of wine organoleptic quality [1].Despite the mechanisms involved in wine oxidation have been extensively reviewed [2],the protection of wine against oxidative spoilage remains one of the main goals of winemaking. Moreover, oxidation of young white wines become particularly critical mostly when low levels of SO2 are used. SO2 is indeed one of the most efficient wine antioxidants used to prevent oxidation and microbial spoilage. However, intolerances caused by SO2 have led to the reduction of its concentration in wines. In a competitive global winemaking market strategy, it is crucial to reduce or even eliminate the use of SO2 and to search for new healthier strategies. In the last decade, Yeast Derivatives (YDs) were proposed as a new strategy to control wine oxidation [3].These products are obtained from yeasts by hydrolytic processes and dried to obtain the commercial products. The aim of this work was to carry out a preliminary investigation of YDs with different composition on

(i) their capacity to prevent oxidation of white wine and

(ii) to evaluate their impact on wine quality.

METHODS: 2 YDs were used for all the experiments: a YDR naturally rich in reducing compounds and a YDL naturally rich in lipids. White wines vinified with no sulfite additions were supplemented with one of the YD and submitted at low and high oxidation: 4 mg/L and 8 mg/L of dissolved O2 respectively. A Pyroscience optical O2 sensor was used for the dissolved oxygen monitoring. Wines analyses were performed after the complete oxygen consumption: wine analysis (Foss), color (CIELab), glutathione (GSH, HPLC-fluo), ethanal (GC-MS), redox potential (cyclic voltammetry), sensorial analysis. These results were compared with those obtained for wines with no antioxidant treatment and with SO2 addition.

RESULTS: Results showed that yeast derivatives and SO2 permit to reduce the O2 consumption rate of 55 and 60% respectively than the untreated control without antioxidant. In comparison with the control wines, YD have an impact on color but they allow the reduction of wine browning. Voltammetry analyses showed that the wines treated by YD have a voltammetric profile suggesting that they are more resistant to oxidation than the untreated control. This behavior is comparable to wines treated with SO2. In addition, wines treated with YD present a lower ethanol amount than the control and SO2 wines. The YD naturally rich in reducing compounds show better preservation of wine’s GSH content. Finally, during wine sensorial analysis, the tasters prefer wines treated with YD than wine without treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This work opens new perspectives for the development of yeast preparations usable as alternatives or as complements to sulfites and allows the improvement of white wines oxidative stability.

DOI:

Publication date: September 13, 2021

Issue: Macrowine 2021

Type: Article

Authors

Claudia Nioi

Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISVV, F33882 Villenave d’Ornon France ,Fabrice MEUNIER Amarante Process-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISVV, F33882 Villenave d’Ornon France Pascaline REDON Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISVV, F33882 Villenave d’Ornon France Laurent RIQUIER Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISVV, F33882 Villenave d’Ornon France Arnaud MASSOT Biolaffort, 11 rue Aristide Berges, 33270 FLOIRAC France Virginie MOINE Biolaffort, 11 rue Aristide Berges, 33270 FLOIRAC France

Contact the author

Keywords

yeast derivatives, oxidation, wine

Citation

A predictive model of spatial Eca variability in the vineyard to support the monitoring of plant status

[lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text="IVES" use_before_icon="on" before_icon="||divi||400" module_id="publication-ariane" _builder_version="4.19.4" _module_preset="default" module_text_align="center" module_font_size="16px" text_orientation="center"...

Climate modeling at local scale in the Waipara winegrowing region in the climate change context

In viticulture, a warming climate can have a very significant impact on grapevine development and therefore on the quality and characteristics of wines across different spatial scales, ranging from global to local. In order to adapt wine-growing to climate change, global climate models can be used to define future scenarios, but only at the scale of major wine regions. Despite the huge progress made over the last ten years in terms of the spatial resolution of climate models (now downscaled to a few square kilometres), they are not yet sufficiently precise to account for the local climate variability associated with such parameters as local topography, in spite of these parameters being decisive for vine and wine characteristics. This study describes a method to downscale future climate scenarios to vineyard scale. Networks of data loggers have been used to collect air temperature at canopy level in the Waipara winegrowing region (New Zealand) over five growing seasons. These measurements allow the creation of fine-scale geostatistical models and maps of temperature (at 100 m resolution) for the growing season. In order to model climate change at pilot site scale, these geostatistical models have been combined with regional climate change predictions for the periods 2031-2050 and 2081-2100 based on the RCP8.5 climate change scenario. The integration of local climate variability with regionalized climate change simulations allows assessment of the impacts of climate change at the vineyard scale. The improved knowledge gained using this methodology results from the increased horizontal resolution that better addresses the concerns of winegrowers. The results provide the local winegrowers with information necessary to understand current processes, as well as historical and future viticulture trends at the scale of their site, thereby facilitating decisions about future response strategies.

Phenolic composition of Tempranillo Blanco grapes changes after foliar application of urea

Our research aimed to determine the effect and efficiency of foliar application of urea on the phenolic composition of Tempranillo Blanco grapes. The field experiment was carried out in 2019 and 2020 seasons and the plot was located in D.O.Ca Rioja (North of Spain). The vineyard was Vitis vinifera L. Tempranillo Blanco and grafted on Richter-110 rootstock. The treatments were control (C), whose plants were sprayed with water and three doses of urea: plants were sprayed with urea 3 kg N/ha (U3), 6 kg N/ha (U6) and 9 kg N/ha (U9). The applications were performed in two phenological stages, pre-veraison (Pre) and veraison (Ver). Also, each of the treatments was repeated one week later. Control and treatments were performed in triplicate and arranged in a randomised block design. Grapes were harvested at optimum ripening stage. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse the phenolic composition of the grapes. Finally, the results obtained from the analytical determinations – flavonols, flavanols and non-flavonoid (hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and stilbenes) – were studied statistically by analysis of variance. The results showed that, in 2019, U6-Pre and U9-Pre treatments increased the hydroxybenzoic acid content in grapes, and also all foliar treatments applied at Pre enhanced the stilbene concentration. Moreover, U3-Ver was the only treatment that rose flavonol and stilbene contents in the Tempranillo Blanco grapes. In 2020, all treatments applied at Pre enhanced the flavonol concentration in grapes. Furthermore, U3-Pre and U9-Pre treatments increased stilbene content in grapes. Nevertheless, the hydroxybenzoic acid content was improved by U6-Ver and U9-Ver and besides, hydroxycinnamic acid concentration in grapes was increased by all treatments applied at Ver. In conclusion, the lower and highest dose of urea (U3 and U9), applied at pre-veraison, were the best treatments to improve the Tempranillo Blanco grape phenolic composition.

Climate, Viticulture, and Wine … my how things have changed!

The planet is warmer than at any time in our recorded past and increasing greenhouse emissions and persistence in the climate system means that continued warming is highly likely. Climate change has already altered the basic framework of growing grapes for wine production worldwide and will likely continue to do so for years to come. The wine sector can continue to play an important role in leading the agricultural sector in addressing climate change. From developing on…

Impact of geographical location on the phenolic profile of minority varieties grown in Spain. II: red grapevines

Because terroir and cultivar are drivers of wine quality, is essential to investigate theirs effects on polyphenolic profile before promoting the implantation of a red minority variety in a specific area. This work, included in MINORVIN project, focuses in the polyphenolic profile of 7 red grapevines minority varieties of Vitis vinifera L. (Morate, Sanguina, Santafe, Terriza Tinta Jeromo Tortozona Tinta) and Tempranillo) from six typical viticulture Spanish areas: Aragón (A1), Cataluña (A2), Castilla la Mancha (A3), Castilla –León (A4), Madrid (A5) and Navarra (A6) of 2020 season. Polyphenolic substances were extracted from grapes. 35 compounds were identified and quantified (mg subtance/kg fresh berry) by HPLC and grouped in anthocyanins (ANT) flavanols (FLAVA), flavonols (FLAVO), hydroxycinnamic (AH), benzoic (BA) acids and stilbenes (ST). Antioxidant activity (AA, mmol TE /g fresh berry) was determined by DPPH method. The results were submitted to a two-way ANOVA to investigate the influence of variety, area and their interaction for each polyphenolic family and cluster analysis was used to construct hierarchical dendrograms, searching the natural groupings among the samples. Sanguina (A3) had the most of total polyphenols while Tempranillo (A5) those of ANT. Sanguina (A2) and (A3) reached the highest values of FLAVO, FLAVA and AA. These two last samples had also the maximum of AA. The effect cultivar and area were significant for all polyphenolic families analyzed. A high variability due to variety (>50%) was observed in FLAVA and the maximum value of variability due to growing area was detected in AA (86.41%), ANT and FLAVO (51%); the interaction variety*zone was significant only for ANT, FLAVO, EST and AA. Finally, dendrograms presented five cluster: i) Sanguina (A2); ii) Sanguina (A3); iii) Tempranillo (A5); iv) Tempranillo (A3); Terriza (A3,A5), Morate (A5,A6); v) Santafé (A1,A6); Tortozona tinta (A1,A3,A6); Tinta Jeromo (A3,A4).