Arsenic in berries and its correlation with natural soil content: experience in Trentino (Italy)

Drought is one of the most challenging threats for viticulture because of its impact on reducing yield and on the composition of grapes.

Le zonage viticole aborde en premier lieu la caractérisation des macroclimats aux échelles des grandes régions, pays, continents ou monde (géoviticulture).

In winemaking, the use of wood products alternative to barrels, has become a useful tool for the achievement of numerous oenological objectives, including the fast release of desirable volatile and polyphenolic compounds, colour stabilization, and important economic advantages if compared to the traditional barrel production. Among a huge array of variables, the wood format, the vinification protocol, especially the moment of the infusion of the woods and the exposed surface area of the alternative woods are of relevant significance, since they may influence the speed and intensity of the aroma transfer from the wood to the wine defining different sensory profiles.

In the French AOCs, the production area of ​​the raw material can be subject to plot delimitation based on criteria of physical environment and use. On the other hand, many environmental zonings are developing and the AOCs are called upon include provisions relating to these concerns. Hedges, through their effects on local changes in the regional climate and on functional biodiversity, can impact the functioning of vines and orchards. It is for this reason that their consideration as a delimitation criterion is envisaged.

Depending on the variety, grapes contain several chemical classes of aromatic compounds (i.e., terpenols, norisoprenoids, benzenoids) mainly stored as glycosides in berry skin.