Evaluation of biodegradable mulch for weed control with focus on vineyard performance

Abstract

Context and Purpose of the Study. The use of herbicides and mechanical soil tillage, particularly on steep slopes, poses significant ecological challenges, including soil compaction and erosion. This study evaluates the potential of a sprayable, biodegradable mulch made from renewable resources as an environmentally friendly alternative to herbicide use and mechanical tillage. The research focuses on its effectiveness in weed suppression, its impact on soil parameters, vine growth, yield, grape quality, and its practical applicability in vineyard under-vine management.

Materials and Methods. The field trial tested six mulch treatments, varying in application timing and layer thickness (2.5 and 5.0 kg/m²). Weed suppression was assessed through measurements of dry biomass, weed height, and species diversity. Soil parameters, including volumetric soil moisture content, soil temperature, and nutrient levels, were monitored regularly. Vine growth and yield were evaluated using leaf area index (LAI), yield per vine, and pruning weight. The degradation of mulch material was tracked monthly to determine its persistence on the soil surface.

Results. Thicker mulch layers demonstrated superior weed suppression, particularly with later applications. Treatments involving thicker, early-applied mulch achieved the lowest weed biomass values in May and October 2024. Mulch-treated soils retained higher moisture levels compared to mechanically tilled soils. Grape quality, yield, and ripening remained unaffected by the treatments. Thicker mulch layers exhibited greater long-term stability, with later applications further enhancing material retention on the soil surface.