Terroir 2004 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Effect of irrigation and soil type on root growth and distribution of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Nero d’Avola grown in Sicily

Effect of irrigation and soil type on root growth and distribution of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Nero d’Avola grown in Sicily

Abstract

[English version below]

L’essai a été effectué dans un vignoble du cépage Nero d’Avola greffé sur 1103 Paulsen dans un terroir de la D.O.C Alcamo en Sicile. Le système de conduite des vignes était à espalier, la taille à cordon coursonné et l’irrigation à goutte a goutte. On a été confrontés trois types de traitements: A) vignes non irriguées; B) vignes irriguées quand le potentiel hydrique foliaire (potentiel de base) était au dessous de –0.7 MPa, pour maintenir le potentiel hydrique foliaire de base au dessous de –0.4 MPa jusqu’à la récolte; C) vignes irriguées en maintenant le potentiel hydrique foliaire de base au dessous de –0.4 MPa du débourrement à la récolte. Dans le parcelle de l’essai étaient présents trois types de sol argileux: Entisol dans le partie haute de la colline, Inceptsol à moitié de la colline et Vertisol à la vallée de la colline. On a déterminé la distribution du système racinaire de la vigne dans les différentes types de sol par rapport aux différents traitements hydriques en emploient la méthode du contact. L’irrigation a été le facteur le plus important pour la croissance et la distribution du système racinaire; on a aussi noté que la stratégie de l’apport hydrique doit être calculée par rapport au type du sol ou vice-versa; par conséquence c’est le type de sol que détermine la stratégie d’irrigation la plus appropriée. Pour étudier les rapports entre le système racinaire et le feuillage et toute la biomasse il faut tenir en compte l’efficience du système racinaire, particulièrement dans les conditions dans lesquelles les divers effets limitants sont réduits, comme se vérifie dans les endroits secs où on emploie l’irrigation.

The trial was carried out in a Nero d’Avola vineyard, grafted onto 1103Paulsen, and located in Alcamo D.O.C. area (Sicily). Vines were trained to a vertical trellis system, spur pruned and drip irrigated. Three treatments were applied: A) vines grown without irrigation water; B) vines irrigated when the pre-dawn leaf water potential was above -0.7 MPa and to maintain pre-dawn leaf water potential at value below -0.4 MPa until harvest; C) vines irrigated in order to maintain pre-dawn leaf water potential at value below -0.4 MPa, from budbreak to harvest. Three clay soil types were present in the vineyard: Entisol, on the top of the hill, Inceptisol, halfway down the hill and Vertisol, at the bottom of the hill. The distribution of the root system in the different soil types and in relation to the different irrigation treatments was determined by using the contact method. Irrigation was the most important factor in determining the quantity and distribution of roots, even if it was also noted that the irrigation strategy must be calculated in relation to the type of soil or vice-versa, so that the type of soil determines the most suitable irrigation strategy. For the study of the relationships between root systems and area, it is necessary to take the efficiency of the root systems into account, especially in conditions in which the various limiting effects are reduced, as happens in the dry environments where irrigation is used.

DOI:

Publication date: January 12, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

M.G. Barbagallo, P. Costanza, R. Di Lorenzo, E. Gugliotta, A. Pisciotta, * S. Raimondi and T. Santangelo

Dipartimento di Colture Arboree – Università degli Studi di Palermo – Viale delle Scienze, 11 – 90128 Palermo – Italy
*Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Territoriale – Università degli Studi di Palermo

Contact the author

Keywords

Soil types, irrigation, predawn water potential, root, Nero d’Avola cv

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Effect of redox mediators on the activity of laccase from Botrytis cinerea against volatile phenols

Volatile phenols namely 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol are formed by enzymatic decarboxylation of hydroxycinnamic acids by Brettanomyces yeasts to give vinylphenols and subsequent reduction of the vinyl group to form the correspondent ethylphenols. The presence of these compounds in wine affects negatively its aromatic quality, conferring unpleasant animal and phenolic odor when present in quantities above the olfactory detection threshold [1]. Several methods have been described to remove these undesirable compounds from wines, including the use laccase enzymes [2, 3]. Due to this, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of several natural redox mediators on the activity of Botrytis cinerea laccase against these volatile phenols.

Drought affects vineyard soil microbiome: approach to select micro-organisms adapted to drought

Climate transition with frequent heat waves and long drought periods threatens grapevine productivity and wine quality in the Mediterranean regions. Microorganisms are known to contribute to plant fitness and to stimulate plant resilience against biotic and abiotic factors.
In this work, it was assessed the impact of long-term drought on soil microbiome associated to grapevine in open field in Alentejo, renowned Portuguese wine region.
Soil and plant tissues of drought tolerant Syrah cultivar exposed to three irrigation levels (100%- FI, 50%-DI ETc; rain-fed–NI) for 5 years were sampled for two years (2022-2023). Metabarcoding analysis of soil bacteria (16S V4 rRNA) and fungi (ITS sub-region) were integrated with soil physiochemical properties and leaves´ physiological data. Pre-dawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance confirmed the imposed drought scenarios. Even though, α- and β-diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities differed more by season than water availability, samples clustered according to soil water content and pH (p<0.05). Fungal communities show higher differences in the structure across treatments than bacteria. In 2023, 16 bacterial against 61 fungal ASVs were significatively different in abundance between NI and FI. Beijerinckiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae (Alphaproteobacteria) and Nocardioidaceae, Streptomycetaceae (Actinobacteria) families resulted to be significatively more abundant in NI, while Ascomycota, Basidyomicota and Mortierellomycota are the most important fungal phyla in NI. With culturomics data, this study aims to gather insights into how soil microbiome is remodelled under drought and contribute to select bacterial and fungal taxa with potential to mitigate drought stress in vineyards.

Analysis of the interaction of melatonin with glycolytic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation 

Melatonin is a bioactive compound with antioxidant properties, that has been found in many fermented beverages, such as beer and wine [1]. Indeed, it has been shown that yeast can synthesize melatonin during alcoholic fermentation, although its role inside the cell, as well as the metabolic pathway involved in its synthesis, is still unclear [1]. Recent studies showed that during fermentation, melatonin interacts with different proteins of the glycolytic pathway in both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast, for instance glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase or enolase [2].

What is the best soil for Sangiovese quality wine?

Sangiovese is one of the main cultivar in the Italian ampelographic outline and it occupies more than 60% of total vineyard surface in the Tuscany region. It is also well known that the environmental

Effect of late pruning on yield and wine composition in monastrell wines

Global warming is shifting vine phenology, resulting in a decoupling of phenolic and technological berry ripening. This is altering the balance of fruit traits, which is key relevance to winegrowers