Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Hierarchy of the role of climate, soil and cultivar in terroir effect can largely be explained by vine water status

Hierarchy of the role of climate, soil and cultivar in terroir effect can largely be explained by vine water status

Abstract

Le terroir peut être défini comme un écosystème dans lequel la vigne interagit avec le climat et le sol et dont la résultante est le vin. Dans ce travail, les trois principaux composants de l’effet terroir, à savoir le climat, le sol et le cépage ont été étudié simultanément. Le développement de la vigne et la constitution du raisin de Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot, Cabernet franc et Cabernet-Sauvignon ont été comparés sur trois parcelles non irriguées, comportant respectivement un sol graveleux (G), un sol à sous-sol très argileux (C) et un sol sableux à nappe d’eau à portée des racines (S). L’effet du climat a été étudié à partir des variations climatiques annuelles (effet millésime) sur la période 1996-2003. Les effets du climat, du sol et du cépage ont été hautement significatif sur la plupart des variables mesurées. Sur une majorité de variables, l’effet du climat a été plus important que l’effet du sol et du cépage. La plupart des variables sont corrélées à l’intensité du déficit hydrique, qui a été évalué par la mesure du potentiel foliaire de base et par la mesure de la discrimination isotopique du carbone 13 sur les sucres du moût (δ13C). L’effet du climat et du sol semblent agir principalement par leur incidence sur le régime hydrique de la vigne.

Terroir can be defined as an interactive ecosystem, in a given place, including climate, soil and the vine. The three main components of terroir effect, soil, climate and cultivar, have been studied simultaneously. Vine development and berry composition of non-irrigated Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot, Cabernet franc and Cabernet-Sauvignon were compared on a gravely soil (G), a soil with a heavy clay sub soil (C) and a sandy soil with a water table within the reach of the roots (S). The influence of climate was assessed with year-to-year climatic variations (vintage effect) over the period 1996 to 2003. Effects of climate, soil and cultivar on vine behaviour and berry ripening were highly significant. On most variables, the impact of climate was greater than the effect of soil and cultivar. Most variables were correlated with the intensity of vine water stress, which was assessed by measurements of pre-dawn leaf water potential and carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar (δ13C). It is likely that the effect of climate and soil on fruit quality is mediated through their influence on vine water status.

DOI:

Publication date: January 13, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

C. van Leeuwen (1), P. Friant (1), M.-E. Jaeck (1) S. Kuhn (1) and O. Lavialle

(1) ENITA de Bordeaux, 1, Crs du G n ral de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan-cedex, France

Contact the author

Keywords

terroir, soil, climate, cultivar, vine, Vitis vinifera, Merlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet-Sauvignon, water deficit, leaf water potential

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

The FEM grapevine crossbreeding program for resistance to the main ampelopathies: towards climate-resilient varieties

The technique of crossing, whether free or controlled, has always been a source of variability allowing the selection of new varieties with improved fitness.

Effects of the biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome

In the pursuit of increasing sustainability, climate change resiliency and independence of synthetic pesticides in agriculture, the interest of consumers and producers in organic and biodynamic farming is steadily increasing. This is in particular the case for the vitivinicultural industry in Europe, where more and more producers are converting from organic to biodynamic farming. However, clear scientific evidence showing that biodynamic farming improves vine physiology, vine stress resilience, berry or wine quality, or is more sustainable for the environment is still lacking although this issue has been addressed by several research teams worldwide.

Quantification of Eugenol in various matrixes from hybrids vines. Case study of Armagnac white spirits production

Nowadays, winemaking is dealing with great challenges, notably climate change, disease resistance and low pesticide inputs, desire for more sustainable agricultural productions and permanent changing of consumer preference.

High-altitude vineyards under extreme conditions in the PIWI context of cultivation: economic and marketing evidence from an exploratory study in Northern Italy

Viticulture has spread to unexpected locations, such as high-altitude terrain. Among these, high-altitude viticulture has captured considerable attention, not only for the uniqueness of its products and landscapes but also because it offers an effective response to climate changes
The aim of this study is to analyse and compare wineries that used Piwi varieties (acronym for the German Pilzwiderstandfähig, i.e., cryptogame-resistant) at high altitudes (between 500 and 920 m a.s.l.) with the traditional non-mountainous viticulture model.

How the management of ph during winemaking affects acetaldehyde evolution and the formation of polymeric phenolics over the red wine aging

The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of pH on both the acetaldehyde chemistry and wine phenolics evolution over the aging period. In addition, the effect of both an early and late acidification was evaluated