Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Hierarchy of the role of climate, soil and cultivar in terroir effect can largely be explained by vine water status

Hierarchy of the role of climate, soil and cultivar in terroir effect can largely be explained by vine water status

Abstract

Le terroir peut être défini comme un écosystème dans lequel la vigne interagit avec le climat et le sol et dont la résultante est le vin. Dans ce travail, les trois principaux composants de l’effet terroir, à savoir le climat, le sol et le cépage ont été étudié simultanément. Le développement de la vigne et la constitution du raisin de Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot, Cabernet franc et Cabernet-Sauvignon ont été comparés sur trois parcelles non irriguées, comportant respectivement un sol graveleux (G), un sol à sous-sol très argileux (C) et un sol sableux à nappe d’eau à portée des racines (S). L’effet du climat a été étudié à partir des variations climatiques annuelles (effet millésime) sur la période 1996-2003. Les effets du climat, du sol et du cépage ont été hautement significatif sur la plupart des variables mesurées. Sur une majorité de variables, l’effet du climat a été plus important que l’effet du sol et du cépage. La plupart des variables sont corrélées à l’intensité du déficit hydrique, qui a été évalué par la mesure du potentiel foliaire de base et par la mesure de la discrimination isotopique du carbone 13 sur les sucres du moût (δ13C). L’effet du climat et du sol semblent agir principalement par leur incidence sur le régime hydrique de la vigne.

Terroir can be defined as an interactive ecosystem, in a given place, including climate, soil and the vine. The three main components of terroir effect, soil, climate and cultivar, have been studied simultaneously. Vine development and berry composition of non-irrigated Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot, Cabernet franc and Cabernet-Sauvignon were compared on a gravely soil (G), a soil with a heavy clay sub soil (C) and a sandy soil with a water table within the reach of the roots (S). The influence of climate was assessed with year-to-year climatic variations (vintage effect) over the period 1996 to 2003. Effects of climate, soil and cultivar on vine behaviour and berry ripening were highly significant. On most variables, the impact of climate was greater than the effect of soil and cultivar. Most variables were correlated with the intensity of vine water stress, which was assessed by measurements of pre-dawn leaf water potential and carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar (δ13C). It is likely that the effect of climate and soil on fruit quality is mediated through their influence on vine water status.

DOI:

Publication date: January 13, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2004

Type: Article

Authors

C. van Leeuwen (1), P. Friant (1), M.-E. Jaeck (1) S. Kuhn (1) and O. Lavialle

(1) ENITA de Bordeaux, 1, Crs du G n ral de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan-cedex, France

Contact the author

Keywords

terroir, soil, climate, cultivar, vine, Vitis vinifera, Merlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet-Sauvignon, water deficit, leaf water potential

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2004

Citation

Related articles…

Cold plasma at atmospheric pressure for eliminating Brettanomyces from oak wood

In the oenological industry, the maintenance and sanitation of oak barrels has become a fundamental task. The wood has a porous structure that facilitates the penetration not only of the wine, but of the microorganisms it contains, such as the alterative yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis.

Nitrogen uptake, translocation and YAN in berries upon water deficit in grapevines with contrasting stomatal sensitivity

Nitrogen (N2) is critical in grape berries, especially in organic wine making. After intake, N2 follows various metabolic and allocation routes and, from veraison, partly reallocates into berries. Water deficit affects the N2 nutrition due to a poor diffusion in soil solution and vascular mobilisation. Also, affects photosynthesis and the energy needed for metabolism, whose extent would depend on the stomatal sensitivity of the plant. We have assessed the effect of a moderate water deficit from pea size, in 3 years old field grown potted plants of Chardonnay (CH) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS), differing in stomatal sensitivity, on the N2 status of plant parts. Water deficit reduced photosynthesis, leaf area and fresh and dry plant mass along the season, but up to a higher extent in CS.

Effect of early defoliation on volatile composition and sensory properties of aglianico red wines

The aim of this work was to study the influence of early defoliation in the vineyard on Aglianico wines quality from Apulia region (Italy). Early defoliation was conducted in commercial Aglianico

Coping with heatwaves: management strategies for berry survival and vineyard resilience

Climate change is leading to an increase in average temperature and in the frequency and severity of heatwaves that is already significantly affecting grapevine phenology and berry composition (Webb et al., 2010). This is compounded by water stress, which is well known to increase the vulnerability of grapevines and berries to heatwaves. In hot climate regions like australia, grape production is only possible due to relatively secure supplies of water for irrigation. However, the upper temperature limits for berry survival of well-watered grapevines remains to be tested.

Deficit irrigation and mechanical canopy management affect berry and wine phenolic and aroma composition of Syrah in Central California

Labor shortage is one of the most crucial issues in current viticulture. Mechanized approaches are helpful in reducing production costs and increasing vineyard efficiency but their effect on grapes and wines needs evaluation. This work assess the results of combined mechanical pruning and shoot thinning with deficit irrigation strategies to reduce management costs but not quality of production.