The evolution of wine appellations in the United States

Grapevine vegetative multiplication allows the accumulation of spontaneous mutations and increase intra-cultivar genetic diversity that can be exploited to maintain grape wine quality

Chitosan is an effective antimicrobial agent available in the wine industry, because it ensures the control of a of spoilage microorganisms, such as Brettanomyces of lactic acid bacteria.

In a situation of uncertainty towards the overall effect of climate change and the reduction of pestice utilization on quality, the wine sector needs to maintain the profitability of producers, which inexorably depends on ensuring the quality of grapes and wines. Among the various alternatives that can be adopted, hybrid varieties carrying resistance genes are currently gaining the attention of researchers and producers. Some of them are already a reality and are included in the national catalogue of some countries, selected by research institutes all over Europe.

Context. Botrytis bunch rot occurrence is the most important limitation for the wine industry in humid climate viticulture.

Low temperatures are required for the acquisition and maintenance of bud cold tolerance, which are necessary for grapevines to survive freezing temperatures in winter.