Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 The sea breeze: a significant climatic factor for viticultural zoning in coastal wine growing areas

The sea breeze: a significant climatic factor for viticultural zoning in coastal wine growing areas

Abstract

La brise de mer est un facteur climatique important pour le zonage viticole des régions viticoles côtières car l’accélération du vent qui lui est associée l’après midi ainsi que l’augmentation de l’humidité relative et la réduction de la température concomitantes sont significatives pour le fonctionnement de la vigne et, par conséquent, la qualité du raisin et du vin. Le vent, l’humidité relative et la température sont étudiés à partir de données de surface issues de stations météorologiques automatiques situées dans le vignoble au sud ouest de la région du Cap en Afrique du Sud et de simulations numériques sur l’espace étudié afin, d’évaluer le degré de pénétration de la brise de mer et la “limite” de son influence. Les simulations ont été réalisées avec le Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) pour trois conditions synoptiques au cours de la période de maturation: un flux à grande échelle de sud, chaud (3/02/2000), un flux de nord très chaud et sec (18/02/2000) et un flux de nord­-ouest frais et humide (19/02/2000). Les résultats des simulations numériques avec une résolution de 1 km montrent que plus les températures sont élevées, plus la baisse des températures générée par la brise de mer est importante. La brise de mer venant de l’Atlantique (Table Bay) le 18/02/2000 a généré une baisse maximale des températures de 6 °C tandis que cette de la False Bay le 3/02/2000 une baisse maximale de 2 °C dans la région viticole de Stellenbosch. Une baisse maximale de 1 °C seulement a été enregistrée lors d’un jour nuageux (19/02/2000).

The sea breeze is an important climatic factor for viticultural zoning in coastal wine producing areas as the associated increase in wind velocity in the afternoon and concomitant increase in relative humidity and reduction in temperature is of significance for vine functioning and, therefore, grape and wine quality. Wind, relative humidity and temperature were studied with the aid of surface data from automatic weather stations in the South Western Cape wine growing area of South Africa as well as numerical simulations over the study domain in order to ascertain the degree of penetration of the sea breeze and to assess the “limit” of its influence. Simulations were performed using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) for three synoptic conditions during the grape maturation period: a southerly large-scale flow associated with warm temperature (3/02/2000), a northerly large­scale flow associated with hot and dry conditions (18/02/2000) and north-westerly large-scale flow associated with cool and humid conditions (19/02/2000). Results of the numerical simulations performed at a 1-km resolution showed that the warmer the temperature, the greater the temperature decrease induced by the sea breeze. The sea breeze originating from the Atlantic (Table Bay) on 18/02/2000 generated a maximum temperature decrease of
6 °C, while that originating from False Bay on 3/02/2000 generated a maximum temperature decrease of 2 °C in the Stellenbosçh wine producing area. A maximum temperature decrease of only 1 °C was recorded on an overcast day (19/02/2000).

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

V. BONNARDOT

ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa

Contact the author

Keywords

Atmospheric modelling, sea breeze, wine-producing area, South Africa, ripening period

Modélisation atmosphérique, brise de mer, région viticole, Afrique du Sud, période de maturation

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

The influence of RNAi-expressing rootstocks in controlling grey mold on grapevine cultivars

Worldwide, with an average of 6.7 million cultivated hectares, of which exclusively 51% in Europe (faostat, 2021), the production of table and wine grapes is a leading sector, with continued growth in Europe in the area devoted to vine cultivation. during the growing season, most of the plant organs can be susceptible to several fungal and oomycete diseases, leading to important economic losses and causing detrimental effects on fruit quality. the increasingly scarce availability of fungicidal products, often also related to their relative impact on the environment, coupled with the emergence of resistance in the pathogen to these products, make defence increasingly challenging.

Activation of retrotransposition in grapevine

Retrotransposons, particularly of the Ty-Copia and Ty-Gypsy superfamilies, represent the most abundant and widespread transposons in many plant genomes. Grapevine is no exception and it is clear that these mobile elements have played a major role in the evolution of Vitaceae genomes. While speculation abounds around the possible role of transposons in plant genomes, outside of the rather obvious involvement of retrotransposition in fueling genome expansion, there is little clarity of the actual role these elements have in both developing new genetic variation and in modulating epigenetic responses within genomes to changing climate. To this end we have been exploring de-novo assembled Sauvignon blanc and Pinot noir genomes with a view to catalogue retrotransposon loci to determine the structural intactness and thus age of insertion variation across a small number of clonal linages of these 2 varietals in an attempt to identify ‘live’ TE loci.

Use of minority grape varieties to mitigate climate change and achievement of balanced wines in Castilla y León (Spain)

Castilla y León is the third longest region in the European Union, having more than 85.000 vineyard hectares.

Understanding sweetness of dry wines: first evidence of astilbin isomers in red wines and quantitation in a one-century range of vintages

The gustatory balance of wines relies on sweetness, bitterness and sourness. In dry wines, sweetness does not result from the presence of residual sugar as in sweet wines, but is due to other non-volatile compounds. Such taste-active compounds are released during winemaking, by grapes, yeasts or oak wood and belong numerous chemical families [1]. Beyond this diversity, stereochemistry of molecules can also influence their sensory properties [2]. However, the molecular determinants associated with this taste have only been partially elucidated. Astilbin (2R, 3R) was recently reported to contribute to wine sweetness [3]. As its aglycon contains two stereogenic centers, three other stereoisomers may be present: neoisoastilbin (2S, 3R), isoastilbin (2R, 3S), and neoastilbin (2S, 3S). These compounds have already been observed in natural products, but never in wine. This work aimed at assaying their presence for the first time in wines as well as their taste properties.The isomers were synthesized from astilbin and purified by semi-preparative HPLC.

Foamability of bentonite treated wines: impact of new acacia gum fractions obtained by ionic exchange chromatography (IEC)

Copper (Cu) is known to substantially impact wine stability through oxidative, reductive or colloidal phenomena. Recent work has shown that Cu exists predominantly in a sulfide-bound form, which may act as a potential source of sulfidic off-odours in wine and hence contribute to reductive flavours