Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Analyse of« terroirs» zoning on cooperative wineries (Côtes du Rhône area, France). Influence on vine agronomic response and on grape quality

Analyse of« terroirs» zoning on cooperative wineries (Côtes du Rhône area, France). Influence on vine agronomic response and on grape quality

Abstract

Plusieurs caves coopératives de l’AOC Côtes du Rhône se servent des informations du zonage pour la sélection des vendanges en fonction du terroir d’origine, afin d’élaborer des «cuvées terroir» et d’exploiter ainsi le potentiel qualitatif de leurs secteurs. Cependant, les caractéristiques de la matière première provenant de parcelles issues d’une même unité cartographique ne sont pas toujours homogènes.
Cette étude s’oriente donc vers une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement des terroirs. Elle cherche à définir, à travers la validation des zonages, l’incidence du terroir sur la réponse agronomique de la vigne et sur le potentiel qualitatif du raisin et du vin. On recherche un outil d’aide à la décision pour les caves permettant d’optimiser la sélection des apports.
Sur la base des zonages existants dans la région (cartes des sols, cartographies des pédopaysages et des terroirs, …), des réseaux de parcelles sont suivis depuis l’année 2000 au sein des aires de production de plusieurs caves coopératives pendant plusieurs millésimes.
Les parcelles, plantées avec Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir (cépage principal de l’AOC), se placent sur les principaux types de sols de chaque cave, avec des répétitions par type de sol. Une caractérisation détaillée des parcelles est effectuée ( description terroir, itinéraires techniques, …. ) Un suivi agronomique et physiologique du comportement de la vigne, ainsi que de la sensibilité des vignes aux contraintes hydriques ont été réalisés. Enfin, on y caractérise le raisin pendant la maturation.
Les résultats présentés s’appuient sur les 2 premiers millésimes d’expérimentation. Ils devraient permettre de : 1. Evaluer la sensibilité au stress hydrique des terroirs. 2. Appréhender la variabilité des terroirs en fonction du millésime : stabilité des terroirs dans le temps (intérêt de sélectionner certains terroirs lors des millésimes favorables). 3. Quantifier l’impact de ces aspects sur la qualité du raisin. 4. Evaluer l’interférence terroir – pratiques culturales « effet vigneron» (fertilisation, rendement, …).

Several cooperative wineries of Côtes du Rhône AOC use zoning information for harvest’s selection according to type of “terroir” in order to work out “cuvees terroir” and thus to exploit the qualitative potential of their areas. However, the characteristics of grapes from the same cartographie unity of “terroir” are not always homogeneous.
This work is then oriented to enhance the knowledge of functioning of “terroirs”. We should to know the influence of the “terroir” on the agronomic reaction of the vine and the potential quality of the grape and the wine, by validation of zoning. We look for a tool to aid wineries decisions, allowing the optimisation of harvest selections.
Vine networks, located on production area of different cooperative wineries and chosen according to zoning maps (soils maps, “terroirs” maps, soil landscape maps, … ), are controlled from 2000 and for several vintages.
Plots, each one planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir (the first cultivar of Côtes du Rhône Appellation), were located on the most representative soils of each winery, with repetitions plots by soil. Vine plots characteristics were in detail described (“terroir”, viticultural practices, … ). Physiological and agronomic controls of vine behaviour and vine sensibility to water deficit were determined. Berries composition during ripening was also analysed.
Results of the 2 first vintages of experimentation are presented. They should us to allow to : 1. Evaluate the vine sensibility to water deficit of different “terroirs”. 2. Estimate the “terroirs” ,variability by vintage : “terroirs” stability on time ( define the advantages of some harvest selections for the favourable vintages). 3. Valuate the incidence of these parameters on grape quality. 4. Evaluate the “terroir” and viticultural practices interferences (“vine grower effect”: fertilisation, training management, production,

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

B. RODRIGUEZ LOVELLE and C. SIPP

Syndicat des Vignerons des Côtes du Rhône – Service Technique – Institut Rhodanien, 2260 Route du Grès, 84100 Orange (France)

Keywords

sol, qualité du raisin, stress hydrique, cave coopérative, sélection des vendanges
soil, grape quality, water stress, cooperative winery, harvest selection

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Achieving Tropical Fruit Aromas in White Wine through Innovative Winemaking Processes

Tropical fruit aroma is highly desirable in certain white wine styles and there is a significant group of consumers that show preference for this aroma.

The wine microbial ecosystem: Molecular interactions between yeast species and evidence for higher order interactions

Fermenting grape juice represents one of the oldest continuously maintained anthropogenic microbial environments and supports a well-mapped microbial ecosystem. Several yeast and bacterial species dominate this ecosystem, and some of these species are part of the globally most studied and best understood individual organisms. Detailed physiological, cellular and molecular data have been generated on these individual species and have helped elucidate complex evolutionary processes such as the domestication of wine yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These data support the notion that the wine making environment represents an ecological niche of significant evolutionary relevance. Taken together, the data suggest that the wine fermentation ecosystem is an excellent model to study fundamental questions about the working of microbial ecosystems and on the impact of biotic selection pressures on microbial ecosystem functioning. Indeed, and although well mapped, the rules and molecular mechanisms that govern the interactions between microbial species within this, and other, ecosystems remain underexplored. Here we present data derived from several converging approaches, including microbiome data of spontaneous fermentations, the population dynamics of constructed consortia, the application of biotic selection pressures in directed laboratory evolution, and the physiological and molecular analysis of pairwise and higher order interactions between yeast species. The data reveal the importance of cell wall-related elements in interspecies interactions and in evolutionary adaptation and suggest that predictive modelling and biotechnological control of the wine ecosystem during fermentation are promising strategies for wine making in future.

Antioxidant activity of yeast peptides released during fermentation and autolysis in model conditions

Aging wine on lees benefits different wine sensory and technological properties including an enhanced resistance to oxidation. Several molecules released by yeast, such as membrane sterols and glutathione, have been previously proposed as key factors for this activity [1].

NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYTYROSOL: A PROMISING BIOACTIVE COMPONENT OF WINE

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound present in olives, virgin olive oil and wine. HT has attracted great scientific interest due to its biological activities which have been related with the ortho-dihydroxy conformation in the aromatic ring. In white and red wines, HT has been detected at concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 9.6 mg/L and its occurrence has been closely related with yeast metabolism of aromatic amino acids by Ehrlich pathway during alcoholic fermentation. One of the most promising properties of this compound is the neuroprotective activity against pathological mechanisms related with neurode-generative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

Evaluation of the adaptation of Palomino Fino clones based on their physiological response

Genetic diversity within grapevine cultivars is a fundamental resource for varietal improvement and adaptation to cultivation requirements.