Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Analyse of« terroirs» zoning on cooperative wineries (Côtes du Rhône area, France). Influence on vine agronomic response and on grape quality

Analyse of« terroirs» zoning on cooperative wineries (Côtes du Rhône area, France). Influence on vine agronomic response and on grape quality

Abstract

Plusieurs caves coopératives de l’AOC Côtes du Rhône se servent des informations du zonage pour la sélection des vendanges en fonction du terroir d’origine, afin d’élaborer des «cuvées terroir» et d’exploiter ainsi le potentiel qualitatif de leurs secteurs. Cependant, les caractéristiques de la matière première provenant de parcelles issues d’une même unité cartographique ne sont pas toujours homogènes.
Cette étude s’oriente donc vers une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement des terroirs. Elle cherche à définir, à travers la validation des zonages, l’incidence du terroir sur la réponse agronomique de la vigne et sur le potentiel qualitatif du raisin et du vin. On recherche un outil d’aide à la décision pour les caves permettant d’optimiser la sélection des apports.
Sur la base des zonages existants dans la région (cartes des sols, cartographies des pédopaysages et des terroirs, …), des réseaux de parcelles sont suivis depuis l’année 2000 au sein des aires de production de plusieurs caves coopératives pendant plusieurs millésimes.
Les parcelles, plantées avec Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir (cépage principal de l’AOC), se placent sur les principaux types de sols de chaque cave, avec des répétitions par type de sol. Une caractérisation détaillée des parcelles est effectuée ( description terroir, itinéraires techniques, …. ) Un suivi agronomique et physiologique du comportement de la vigne, ainsi que de la sensibilité des vignes aux contraintes hydriques ont été réalisés. Enfin, on y caractérise le raisin pendant la maturation.
Les résultats présentés s’appuient sur les 2 premiers millésimes d’expérimentation. Ils devraient permettre de : 1. Evaluer la sensibilité au stress hydrique des terroirs. 2. Appréhender la variabilité des terroirs en fonction du millésime : stabilité des terroirs dans le temps (intérêt de sélectionner certains terroirs lors des millésimes favorables). 3. Quantifier l’impact de ces aspects sur la qualité du raisin. 4. Evaluer l’interférence terroir – pratiques culturales « effet vigneron» (fertilisation, rendement, …).

Several cooperative wineries of Côtes du Rhône AOC use zoning information for harvest’s selection according to type of “terroir” in order to work out “cuvees terroir” and thus to exploit the qualitative potential of their areas. However, the characteristics of grapes from the same cartographie unity of “terroir” are not always homogeneous.
This work is then oriented to enhance the knowledge of functioning of “terroirs”. We should to know the influence of the “terroir” on the agronomic reaction of the vine and the potential quality of the grape and the wine, by validation of zoning. We look for a tool to aid wineries decisions, allowing the optimisation of harvest selections.
Vine networks, located on production area of different cooperative wineries and chosen according to zoning maps (soils maps, “terroirs” maps, soil landscape maps, … ), are controlled from 2000 and for several vintages.
Plots, each one planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir (the first cultivar of Côtes du Rhône Appellation), were located on the most representative soils of each winery, with repetitions plots by soil. Vine plots characteristics were in detail described (“terroir”, viticultural practices, … ). Physiological and agronomic controls of vine behaviour and vine sensibility to water deficit were determined. Berries composition during ripening was also analysed.
Results of the 2 first vintages of experimentation are presented. They should us to allow to : 1. Evaluate the vine sensibility to water deficit of different “terroirs”. 2. Estimate the “terroirs” ,variability by vintage : “terroirs” stability on time ( define the advantages of some harvest selections for the favourable vintages). 3. Valuate the incidence of these parameters on grape quality. 4. Evaluate the “terroir” and viticultural practices interferences (“vine grower effect”: fertilisation, training management, production,

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

B. RODRIGUEZ LOVELLE and C. SIPP

Syndicat des Vignerons des Côtes du Rhône – Service Technique – Institut Rhodanien, 2260 Route du Grès, 84100 Orange (France)

Keywords

sol, qualité du raisin, stress hydrique, cave coopérative, sélection des vendanges
soil, grape quality, water stress, cooperative winery, harvest selection

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Methyl Jasmonate Versus Nano-Methyl Jasmonate: Effect On The Stilbene Content In Monastrell Variety

Stilbenes, a kind of non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, have been reported to be responsible for various beneficial effects. Their biological properties include antibacterial and antifungal effects, as well as cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer actions (Guerrero et al. 2009).Several strategies can be used to increase stilbene content in grapes and one of them could be the use of elicitors such as methyl jasmonate. The use of this elicitor has been proven to be efficient in the production of secondary metabolites which increases the quality of wines, but its use also has some drawbacks such as its low water solubility, high volatility, and its expensive cost (Gil-Muñoz et al. 2021).

The generation of suspended cell wall material may limit the effect of ultrasound in some varieties

The disruptive effect exerted by high-power ultrasound (US) on plant cell walls, natural barriers to the diffusion of compounds of interest during the maceration of red wines, is established as the reason behind the chromatic improvement that its treatment causes. However, sometimes this improvement is not observed, especially with short maceration times. The presence of a high quantity of suspended cell wall material, which formation is favored by the sonication, could be the cause of this lack of positive results since this cell wall material has a high affinity for phenolic compounds.

Autochthonous non-Saccharomyces extra-cellular metabolism of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine

Amino acids are crucial nitrogen sources in yeast metabolism, influencing both biomass production and fermentation rate. The breakdown byproducts of amino acids contribute to the aroma of the wine and wine’s health benefit compounds. This study focused on the yeast’s extracellular metabolic profile of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine belonging to the group of aromatic amino acids in experimental Maraština wines. Alcoholic fermentations were conducted on sterile grape Maraština must using seven autochthonous non-Saccharomyces yeasts in sequential fermentation with commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Adapting wine production to climate change through the exploration of the diversity of Vitis vinifera cultivars

Major factors involved in wine quality and typicity are soil type, climatic conditions, plant material (rootstock and cultivar), vineyard management practices and winemaking conditions.

OTR determination of aged closures: Impact on aroma compounds composition of Sauvignon blanc wines

Oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is a technical property of closure, and it modulates the oxygen supply to the wine during its bottle aging. It’s an important parameter to take into account in the analysis of wine aroma evolution. OTR distribution is well documented for new closures, but little research has been published on its determination for aged closures. Initial oxygen release after bottling impacts the composition of wines during the first years of storage), but the link between OTR, sensory perception and aroma composition after many years of aging has not yet been clearly studied.