Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Influence of the “terroir” (soil, climate and wine grower) on the quality of red Grenache wines in the Rhône Valley

Influence of the “terroir” (soil, climate and wine grower) on the quality of red Grenache wines in the Rhône Valley

Abstract

[English version]

«L’Observatoire Grenache» est un réseau de parcelles qui a été mis en place par l’Institut Rhodanien en Vallée du Rhône sur les millésimes de 1995 à 1999. Composé de 24 parcelles de Vitis vinifera L. cv Grenache noir, ce réseau vise à étudier l’influence du terroir (sol, climat et vigneron) sur la qualité des vins. Les parcelles ont été choisies afin de représenter différentes situations géographiques et géopédologiques de la vallée du Rhône. Le matériel végétal (clone, porte-greffe), la taille (cordon de Royat), la densité et l’âge de la parcelle ont été encadrées. Ainsi les conditions de milieu (sol, climat) et les pratiques du vigneron étaient les principales sources de variations. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les paramètres du milieu conditionnent la qualité de la matière première et des vins principalement sur les caractères organoleptiques. Les types de sol ont un rôle non négligeable lié à la mise à disposition de l’eau pour la vigne. Ils définissent ainsi un potentiel de croissance et de vigueur. Lorsque cette dernière est élevée, elle est défavorable à la qualité des vins.

Les composantes climatiques (températures et précipitations) ont été approchées au travers de suivis de températures à la parcelle et de relevés de stations météorologiques : un lien fort a pu être mis en évidence entre les températures et la composition des vins. Les températures fraîches sont favorables à l’accumulation de la couleur tandis que les températures chaudes contribuent à l’alcool et à la perception de rondeur. Les précipitations quant à elles semblent expliquer les variations entre millésime (effet millésime). Enfin, il est apparu que cet effet du sol et du climat peut être gommé ou transcendé par la forte influence des pratiques des vignerons. Elles interviennent, notamment la fertilisation, sur la qualité des produits en particulier l’acidité et le potentiel polyphénolique.

The “Institut Rhodanien” has established, a vine network in the Southern part of the Rhône Valley from 1995 to 1999. Twenty four plots, planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv red Grenache have been chosen in order to study the influence of the “terroir” (soil, climate, vine grower) on wine quality. The plots were representative of the different geographic and geopedologic situations (soil types, different early maturing area) of the Rhône Valley. Clone, rootstock, pruning, density and age of vines were identical for each plot. Thus, only the environmental features (soil, climate) and viticultural practices varied during the survey. This work shows that:

– Environmental conditions have an important incidence on grape and wine quality, especially on organoleptic characteristics. The type of soil influences water balance in vine, which it conditions growth and plant vigour. A high plant vigour is detrimental to wine quality. Climatic parameters (temperatures and precipitation) were monitored directly on the plots as well as on meteorological stations. There is a strong correlation between temperature and wine composition. Cool temperatures are in favour of coloured wines, while higher temperatures help to produce alcoholic and full wines. Variations on rainfall are responsible for vintage variability.
– Finally this work also shows that sol and climate, effects are easily modified or covered by the “vine grower’s effect” (fertilisation, training management…). Viticultural practices have a strong influence on acidity and colour potential of the wines.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

C. SIPP (1), O. JACQUET (2), C. RIOU (3)

(1) Syndicat des Vignerons Réunis des Côtes du Rhône, Institut Rhodanien , 2260, route du Grès, 84100 Orange (France)
(2) Chambre d’Agriculture du Vaucluse, Institut Rhodanien, 2260, route du Grès, 84100 Orange (France)
(3) Inter Rhône, Institut Rhodanien, 2260, route du Grès, 84100 Orange (France)

Contact the author

Keywords

sol, qualité des vins, climat, Grenache, terroir soil, wine quality, climate, red Grenache, “terroir”

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Extraction-modelling approach demonstrates grapevine rooting patterns varies significantly as a result of contrasting ground management and growing environment in cover cropped vineyards

The use of cover crops in viticulture has increased in recent decades as growers seek to reduce herbicide use, improve soil organic matter and biodiversity, and minimize soil-related agronomic issues such as compaction and erosion.

Southern Oregon Ava landscape and climate for wine production

The Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area (AVA) consists of the Applegate Valley, Rogue Valley, Umpqua Valley, Elkton Oregon, and Red Hills of Douglas County sub-AVAs (Figure 1) that are some of the many winegrape producing regions found within the intermountain valleys along the west coast of the United States.

The capacity of spectrofluorometric fingerprints to discern changes of wine composition: applications in classifying wine additives and tracking red wine maturation and ageing

Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has shown advantages in wine analysis due to being rapid, sensitive, and selective to fluorescent molecules. Especially due to the abundant phenolic compounds [1], the molecular fingerprints afforded by fluorescence spectroscopy can potentially be used to discern and track the change of wine composition, with two innovative investigations having been implemented.

From a local to an international scale: sensory benchmarking of PDO wines. Quincy and Reuilly PDO wines (Sauvignon blanc) as a case study (France)

In a collective marketing strategy, the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) can be used as a quality indicator. To highlight terroir specificities, it is useful to know how the wines are positioned on the local, national or international market from a sensory point of view. This is especially true for a comparison of varietal wines (e.g. Sauvignon blanc). We focus on the case of two closed Loire Valley PDO (France): Quincy and Reuilly. Three distinct tastings were organized. Firstly, at the local level comparing the 2 PDO (11 and 9 wines, 17 professional assessors); secondly at a regional level adding 3 closed PDO: Menetou-Salon, Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé (3 wines per PDO, 16 assessors) and thirdly at an international level comparing these 5 PDO with Sauvignon Blanc wines coming from South Africa, New Zealand and Chile (1 to 3 wines per PDO, 19 assessors). All the wines were from the 2019 vintage and were considered to have a traditional elaboration process without contact with oak. A sensory descriptive analysis was performed using an aroma wheel allowing to combine a Check-All-That-Apply methodology, often used in sensory benchmarking, with a hierarchical structuration of the attributes. The aim is to facilitate data acquisition in a professional context without common training, to consider the hierarchical relationships among the attributes during the data analysis and to be able to characterize wines with a large range of sensorial variability. We use univariate, multivariate and clustering analyses. Similarities and differences between Quincy and Reuilly PDO wines and other Sauvignon blanc wines were identified. Specific attributes can distinguish the two PDO and different proximities exist with other local PDO, while clear differences were observed compared to international wines. Our study contributes to propose and discuss a method to do a wine sensory benchmarking highlighting sensory specificities linked to origin.

Investigation of VvDXS function and its effects on muscat flavor levels

In the present study the connection between the positional candidate gene VvDXS and muscat flavor was evaluated by investigating the expression profiles in the berries from a Muscat-type cultivar and a neutral cultivar and its nucleotide diversity of full ORF on grapevine accessions.