Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 Territorial delimitation of viticultural “Oltrepo Pavese (Lombardy)” using grape ripening precocity

Territorial delimitation of viticultural “Oltrepo Pavese (Lombardy)” using grape ripening precocity

Abstract

[English version below]

L’Oltrepò Pavese est une zone de collines de la Lombardie, région située au nord de l’Italie avec un vignoble qui s’étend sur près de 15 000 ha. Cette zone représente la plus grande aire de production de la région et une des A.O.C. les plus étendues de tout le pays. Les cépages les plus cultivés, même historiquement, sont autochtones : la Barbera et la Croatina utilisés pour la production de vin rouge «Oltrepò» et le Pinot noir pour la production de vins mousseux. Pour le zonage viticole de cette A.O.C., il a été pris en considération: le climat, les sols, les caractéristiques viti-vinicoles. L’étude pédologique effectuée sur le vignoble a permis de réaliser une carte des sols à l’échelle 1/25000. Pour l’étude viticole, il a été choisi 80 parcelles de références représentatives des sols, du climat et des conditions agronomiques. Sur toutes les parcelles pendant trois ans (1999, 2000, 2001), des données sur la production, sur la vigueur, sur la maturation et sur la composition des moûts ont été récoltées. Pendant la vendange, un échantillon représentatif de raisin a été récolté pour les microvinifications de chaque parcelle. Les vins ont été étudiés chimiquement et aussi soumis à des tests d’analyse sensorielle. L’approche multidisciplinaire a permis de caractériser l’appellation en zone adaptée à produire un vin de base Pinot noir et une zone différente plus apte à la production d’un vin rouge moderne et de qualité. Avec l’élaboration statistique des données cumulées des trois années des courbes de maturation, il a été possible de subdiviser les parcelles en classe de précocité et observer qu’avec une véraison plus précoce correspondrait aussi une meilleure accumulation des sucres au moment de la récolte. Pour les vins rouges, les facteurs influençant le plus la précocité se trouvent être l’altitude, la capacité de drainage des sols et la P.A.R., alors que pour le pinot noir l’altitude et la composition des sols jouent un rôle plus important. Des différences statistiques significatives se sont révélées sur les paramètres végétatifs, productifs et qualitatifs des moûts, sur le contenu polyphénolique du raisin et sur les profils chimiques et sensoriels des vins produits par microvinification.

Oltrepò Pavese is a hilly area of Lombardy, a region located in northern Italy with a vineyard surface of approximately 15.000 ha. It represents the widest viticultural area of all the region and one of the most extended zones of Origin’s Denomination of all the country. The mainly grown varieties, also from the historical point of view, are the autochthonous Barbera and Croatina used for the production of the Red wine Oltrepo and Pinot noir used for the sparkling wine. For the viticultural zoning of the area, climate, soils, viticulture and enological properties have been characterised. The pedological survey carried out in the vineyards allowed to produce a soil map on a scale of 1 :25.000. For the viticultural survey, 80 trial sites, representative of the soil, climate and agronomic condition have been chosen. In all the site for three years (’99, ’00 and 2001) grapevine yield, vegetative growth, maturation curves and must composition were detected. At vintage, an adequate grape sample was gathered for microvinification. Wines were evaluated both by chemical and sensorial analysis. A multidisciplinary approach allowed to characterise the area in different zones adapted to produce sparkling Pinot noir wine and in zones of different suitability in order to produce a modern style premium red wine. By a statistical data processing of the three years maturation curves it was possible to subdivide the vineyards in precocity classes and to observe that an earlier veraison generally corresponded also to an high sugar accumulation at the moment of grape harvest. For red wines the mainly influencing factors regarding the precocity turned out to be altitude, the soil ability to water-drainage and the P.A.R. availability (photosynthetically active radiation) while for Pinot noir altitude and soil texture played the most important role. Statistical significant differences in growth, yield and quality have been found on musts composition, on polyphenols content of the grapes and on the chemical and sensorial profile of wines produced by microvinifications.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

Brancadoro L., Toninato L., Tamai G., Failla O., Peluso F., Mariani L., Minelli R., Scienza A.

Université di Milano – Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale – Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy

Contact the author

Keywords

analyse sensorielle, capacité de drainage, courbes de maturation, microvinification, P.A.R.
maturation curves, microvinifications, P.A.R., sensorial analysis, water-drainage

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Use of glutathione under different grape processing and winemaking conditions and its impact on the formation of sulfide off-flavors, colour, and sensory characteristics of Riesling, Sauvignon blanc, and Chardonnay

The use of glutathione (GSH) in winemaking has been legitimated recently, according to OIV resolutions OENO 445-2015 and OENO 446-2015 a maximum dose of 20 mg/L is now allowed to use in must and wine. Several studies have proven the benefits of GSH, predominantly in Sauvignon blanc. Thus, oxidative coloration of must and wine is limited, aroma compounds such as volatile thiols are preserved, and the development of ageing flavors such as sotolon and 2-aminoacetophenone is impeded. The protective effect may be explained by the high affinity of GSH to bind o-quinones which are formed during phenolic oxidation and which are known to initiate browning and other oxidative changes. Some researchers have proposed the hydroxycinnamic acid to GSH ratio (HGR) as an indicator of oxidation susceptibility of must and could show that lower ratios yielded lighter musts.

BIOSORPTION OF UNDESIRABLE COMPONENTS FROM WINE BY YEAST-DERIVED PRODUCTS

4-Ethylphenol (EP) in wine is associated with organoleptic defects such as barn and horse sweat odors. The origin of EP is the bioconversion reaction of p-coumaric acid (CA), naturally present in grapes and grape musts by contaminating yeasts of the genus Brettanomyces bruxellensis.
Yeast cell walls (YCW) have shown adsorption capacities for different compounds. They could be applied to wines in order to adsorb either CA and/or EP and thus reduce the organoleptic defects caused by the contaminating yeasts.

Metabolomic profiling of botrytized grape berries: unravelling the dynamic chemical transformations during noble rot

Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen commonly known as grey mold, which under specific climatic conditions can develop into a desirable form known as noble rot. In this process the fungus penetrates the grape skin, allowing water evaporation and concentration of sugars and flavors, while profoundly affects the metabolite composition of grapes, leading to the production of unique and desirable compounds in the resulting wines. The result is a unique and complex wine with a luscious sweetness, heightened aromatics, and a distinct character.

Mechanization of pre-flowering leaf removal under the temperate-climate conditions of Switzerland

Grapevine leaf removal (LR) in the cluster area is typically done between fruit set and cluster closure to create an unfavorable microclimate for fungal diseases, such as Botrytis cinerea and powdery mildew. Grape growers are now turning their attention to pre-flowering LR, which has additional benefits under certain conditions. When applied before flowering, LR strongly affects fruit set and thus the number of berries per cluster. It is therefore a good yield control tool, replacing time-consuming manual cluster thinning (Poni et al. 2006). It also improves berry structure, that is, skin thickness, skin-to-pulp ratio, and berry composition (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and polyphenols) (Palliotti et al. 2012; Komm and Moyer 2015). By exacerbating competition for assimilates between reproductive and vegetative organs, pre-flowering LR also poses some risks. Excessive yield loss at the same year’s harvest due to a too low fruit set rate is the main concern: intensive pre-flowering LR (100% of the cluster area) can induce up to 50% yield loss in potted vines (Poni et al. 2005). Other parameters, such as cool climatic conditions during flowering, also affect fruit set rate and make it difficult to predict potential yield at harvest. Repeated and overly intensive preflowering LR can have repercussions over time and induce a decline in bud fruiting and plant vigor (Risco et al. 2014).

An internet-based gis application for vineyard site assessment in the U.S. and matching grape variety to site

Vineyard site selection and determination of adapted grape varieties for a site are the most fundamental factors contributing to vineyard success, but can be challenging to ascertain