Terroir 1996 banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 The influence of the soil on the phenolic composition of both grapes and wines : “the Grenache observatory”

The influence of the soil on the phenolic composition of both grapes and wines : “the Grenache observatory”

Abstract

[English version below]

La composition fine des raisins de Grenache noir est mal connue. Il est généralement admis une certaine variabilité de comportement de ce cépage qui se manifeste principalement sur la couleur des vins. De nombreux facteurs peuvent être à l’origine de cette variabilité : matériel végétal, pratiques culturales, types de vinification et terroir. Un travail de recherche concernant ce cépage a été engagé dans la Vallée du Rhône. L’étude a pour but de juger le comportement de ce cépage dans différentes situations pédoclimatiques. La couleur et les tanins des raisins et des vins issus des différents terroirs caractéristiques de la Vallée du Rhône sont analysés. L’utilisation de techniques analytiques performantes (C.L.H.P.) nous permet d’étudier dans le détail la composition anthocyanique des vins. Cette communication fait état des résultats relatifs à la couleur et aux tanins (analyses en spectrophotométrie UV-Visible) des raisins issus de douze parcelles du dispositif « Observatoire Grenache » sur quatre millésimes consécutifs. Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence des millésimes sur les teneurs en anthocyanes (de 0.5 à 1.3 g/kg) et en tanins (de 6.2 à 11.5 g/kg), mais surtout l’impact du «terroir» sur les concentrations totales en polyphénols des raisins. La caractérisation fine, par Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance, des vins correspondants confirme l’analyse des raisins, montrant également de fortes variations de la quantité globale en anthocyanes. Par contre, la nature et la structure des 7 anthocyanes dosées semblent peu affectées par le millésime et l’effet terroir. Le «profil anthocyanique » ainsi obtenu sur les vins reste caractéristique du cépage Grenache noir, quel que soit le millésime ou le terroir.

The detailed composition of the Grenache vine variety is not well known. A slight variability in the nature of this vine variety is generally accepted which principally appears on the color of the wine. Many factors can be the source of this variability like the vegetal material, the growing cultural practices, the type of winemaking and soil. A research work concerning this vine variety has started in the Rhône Valley. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vine variety behavior placed in various pedoclimatic conditions. The color and the tannins of both wines and grapes, from various characteristic soils of the Rhône Valley, are analyzed. The use of performing analytical technics (H.P.L.C.) provides us a way to study with great detail the anthocyanic composition of the wines. This presentation states results associated with the color and the tannins (UV-visible spectrophotometry analysis) of grapes, coming from twelve lots of the “Grenache Observatory” over four consecutive vintages. Thanks to this study, we were able to point out the influence of the vintage on the concentration of both anthocyanins (from 0.5 to 1.3 g/kg) and tannins (from 6.2 to 11.5 g/kg) and even more, it showed the impact of the soil on the total polyphenol concentration of the grape. A detailed analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, of the corresponding wines, confirms the grapes analysis, which shows consequent variation of the global anthocyanin quantity. However, the nature and the structure of the 7 analyzed anthocyanins do not seem to be significantly dependent on either the vintage or the soil. The obtained anthocyanic profile of the wines still remains specific to the black grenache vine variety and it does not depend on the vintage or the soil.

DOI:

Publication date: February 15, 2022

Issue: Terroir 2002

Type: Article

Authors

PUECH C. (1), ORMIERES J-F. (1), SIPP C. (2), JACQUET O. (3), RIOU C. (1)

(1) Service Technique d’Inter Rhône
(2) Syndicat Général des Vignerons Réunis des Côtes du Rhône
(3) Chambre d’ Agriculture du Vaucluse – Institut Rhodanien, 2260 Route du Grès, 84000 Orange, France

Contact the author

Keywords

terroir, anthocyanes, tanins, Grenache noir
soil, anthocyanins, tannins, Grenache

Tags

IVES Conference Series | Terroir 2002

Citation

Related articles…

Differences in the chemical composition and “fruity” aromas of Auxerrois sparkling wines from the use of cane and beet sugar during wine production.

The main objective of this study was to establish if beet sugar produces a different concentration of “fruity” volatile aroma compounds (VOCs), compared to cane sugar when used for second alcoholic fermentation of Auxerrois sparkling wines. Auxerrois base wine from the 2020 vintage was separated into two lots; half was fermented with cane sugar and half with beet sugar (both sucrose products and tested for sugar purity). These sugars were used in yeast acclimation (IOC 2007), and base wines for the second fermentation (12 bottles each). Base wines were manually bottled at the Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI) research winery. The standard chemical analysis took place at intervals of 0, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-bottling. Acidity and pH measurements were carried out by an auto-titrator. Residual Sugar (g/L) (glucose (g/L), fructose (g/L)), YAN (mg N/L), malic acid, and acetic acid (g/L) were analyzed by Megazyme assay kits. parameters were analyzed by Megazyme assay kits. Alcohol (% v/v) was assessed by GC-FID. VOC analysis of base wines, finished sparkling wines, as well as the two sugars in model sparkling wine solutions, was carried out by GC-MS. VOCs included ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, ethyl-3-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methyl propanoate, ethyl 2- hydroxy propanoate, 1-hexanol, 2-phenylethan-1-ol, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate.

Expanding the biotechnological potential of M. pulcherrima/fructicola clade for wine-related applications

AIM: Strains belonging to M. pulcherrima/fructicola clade are frequently isolated from flowers, fruits and grape musts, and exhibit a broad spectrum of enzymatic activities and antimicrobial potential (Morata et al., 2019; Sipiczki, 2020; Vicente et al. 2020).

Using GIS to assess the terroir potential of an Oregon viticultural region

Deciding to grow grapes in Oregon is complex issue due to our diverse geography, climate, and relatively short history of grape growing. For any potential grape grower, vineyard site selection is the single most important decision they will face.

Comparison of ancestral and traditional methods in the elaboration of sparkling wines; preliminary results

Top quality sparkling wines (SW) are mostly produced using the traditional method that implies a second fermentation into the bottle[1]. That is the case of sparkling wines of reputed AOC such as Champagne, Cava or Franciacorta. However, it seems that the first SW was elaborated using the ancestral method in which only one fermentation takes place[2]. That is the case of the classical SW from the AOC Blanquette de Limoux[3]. In both cases, SW age in the bottle during some time in contact with lees favoring yeast’s autolysis[4]. There is a lot of information about traditional method but only few exists about ancestral method. The aim of this work was to compare SW made by the ancestral method with SW made by the traditional method.

Elicitors application in two maturation stages of Vitis vinifera L. cv Monastrell: changes on the skin cell walls

AIM: In a recent study, it was determined that the mid-ripening period is the most suitable for the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ), benzothiadiazole BTH and MeJ+BTH on Monastrell grapes, to favor maximum accumulation of phenolic compounds at the time of harvest. However, the increase in the anthocyanin content of